Tariff and non-tariff methods of foreign trade regulation.

Foreign trade is nothing but the main form of economic cooperation between different countries. And its regulation to some extent by the state takes place depending on the social, economic, political tasks in the country itself and the situation in the world.

The state regulates international trade unilaterally, that is, the instruments of this regulation are used by the government without consultation and agreement with the country's trading partners. Regulation can also take place bilaterally, which means that different trade policy measures are agreed between the countries that are trading partners. There is also multilateral regulation, that is, trade policy is regulated by various multilateral agreements.

At present, non-tariff methods of regulating foreign trade and tariffs are singled out. The first include customs duties and tariffs. This is the main instrument of trade policy of any state and its legitimacy is recognized by international norms. The customs tariff has several definitions. The first is an instrument used in trade policy and regulation of the internal market in the process of its interaction with the world market. The second definition is a set of different rates of customs duties that apply to goods crossing the customs border. This set of rates is systematized in full accordance with the entire commodity nomenclature.

Tariff methods of foreign trade regulation, namely the customs tariff, consists of specific, clear rates of customs duties used for the purpose of taxation of exported and imported goods. A customs duty is a contribution that is mandatory, which is collected by the customs authorities when exporting or importing the goods.

Non-tariff methods of regulating international trade are now actively used by the government of any state. In contrast to customs tariffs, almost all of them are not amenable to quantitative classification and, as a consequence, are poorly reflected in statistics. Non-tariff methods for regulating foreign trade are financial, hidden and quantitative. The fact that they are not quantifiable allows different governments to use either individually or a combination of them to achieve their trade policy objectives. If non-tariff methods of foreign trade regulation (especially intensive quantitative ones) are used together with the liberal customs regime, then trade policy as a whole acquires a more restrictive character. Quantitative restrictions are the administrative form of non-tariff regulation of state trade, which is designed to determine the range and quantity of goods allowed for import and export. The government of a particular country may decide to apply quantitative restrictions alone or on the basis of their international agreements.

Quantitative restrictions have two forms: contingent or quota. This is practically the same, the term contingent is often used to designate a quota that is seasonal in nature. Non-tariff methods for regulating foreign trade are also represented by licensing. It occurs through permits issued by state bodies to import or export goods for a specific period of time.

Methods of hidden protectionism also play a big role. They represent all kinds of barriers of non-customs character, which are built by local and central government authorities in the way of trade.