Surgical method of treatment of cancer

What is cancer ?

According to the characteristics of growth, tumors are divided into benign and malignant. Benign tumors (both in the epithelium and in the connective tissue) usually grow slowly, pushing apart surrounding tissues, but not growing in them. Benign tumors are capsular, so that they can be easily removed by surgery, they do not form new tumor sites - they do not metastasize and do not relapse.

Malignant tumors almost always grow quickly, penetrating into normal tissues and organs. They create metastases in other parts of the body where cancer cells enter the bloodstream, and if all tumor tissues are not removed during surgery, relapses appear. Malignant tumors negatively affect the biological functions of the organism of the tumor carrier, poisoning it with the products of tumor metabolism (intoxication caused by the tumor) and creating exhaustion of the whole organism. Malignant tumors that are formed from connective tissue are called sarcomas, tumors from epithelial tissues are called cancer or carcinomas.

Cancer is a neoplasm associated with increased growth of local tissues. It occurs independently of the human body and partially or completely does not obey the regulatory functions of the body, takes away nutrients for life and the process of the cellular disintegration of toxic products poisons other normal cells of the body, causing their death. Cancer never occurs in completely normal tissues and organs. Specific substances - carcinogens - affecting the cells of the body, cause changes in them. There is a mechanism for the formation of cancer cells. If carcinogen-induced changes in cells remain long enough, potentially dangerous diseases develop, and on this basis can form malignant tumors. The formation of the tumor is controlled by the same hormones that regulate the growth, formation and functioning of the relevant organs.

Immunological reactions in the human body occur in close interaction with the endocrine and central nervous systems. It is in the brain that information is exchanged between nerve cells and lymphocytes. This also explains the wave development of cancer - the tumor progresses after a psychological trauma (for example, the death of a loved one or the breakdown of a family), or regresses when the situation is normal (improving family relationships, understanding and support from others).

Thus, cancer can be considered as a natural response of the body to long-term external stimuli (mental, physical or chemical effects, viral infections, trauma) in conditions of a damaged immune system.

Can I prevent cancer?

Cancer is not always possible to prevent, in many cases, the cause is unknown. Nevertheless, today no one doubts the relationship between smoking and lung cancer, mouth and neck. Of course, diet, working conditions, alcohol consumption, radioactive radiation, viral infections, genetics and other factors are important. Secondary prevention can be screening, early diagnosis, treatment of precancerous diseases, and tertiary - adequate cancer treatment and rehabilitation.

In the treatment of cancer, an interdisciplinary approach is currently being applied, which includes surgical removal of cancer, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and sometimes immunotherapy.

Surgical treatment of benign and malignant tumors is used in the early stages of cancer development. Malignant tumors are removed completely with the whole organ or part of it (radical surgery), or simply improve the functions of the organ damaged by the tumor (palliative operations).

In addition to surgical removal of cancer, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used, as it is not always possible to remove all cancer cells in one operation.

The effectiveness of treatment depends mainly on how early the tumor is diagnosed. In the early stages, when the cancer has not yet begun to metastasize, a complete cure is possible. At later stages, treatment produces worse results.

An important role in prevention is played by massive anticancer examinations, in which it is possible to detect cancer at an early stage, and immediately begin treatment.

The diagnosis and treatment of oncological diseases in clinics in Germany, where high-level specialists develop a treatment plan that is individual for each patient, has a good reputation, reducing the risks of relapse and side effects of treatment.