Spiderweb is the most beautiful - a deadly poisonous mushroom. Description and photo

Have you heard of such a fungus as a spider web? And he, it turns out, is deadly poisonous! For more information, see the article.

Spiderweb is a beautiful - deadly poisonous mushroom

The photo of the fungus under consideration is presented in your article. Spider web is the most beautiful (reddish) - it is a poisonous fungus of the genus Pautinnik, the family of the Webinic. In the people it is also called an eater. They can not be eaten either raw or cooked, because the toxins contained in them provoke the development of renal insufficiency. This genus consists of at least 40 species. Some are considered poisonous, some are edible, and some are conditionally edible. Outwardly, such fungi are quite similar, which is why they are often confused. This suggests that it is better not to collect them without proper knowledge of both cobwebs and fungi in general. And to decide to use such a mushroom for food, you need to be 100% sure what kind of spiderweb you found.

Until the 1950s it was thought that these mushrooms can be taken for food. And only as a result of a large number of incidents of poisoning the cobweb in the orange-red, and later a beautiful spider web, registered in 1957, it was decided to enroll these fungi to deadly poisonous ones. These two species are the most toxic.

Appearance

The width of the cap varies from 4 to 9 cm, it starts from a conical shape, flowing into a flat prostrate, with a tubercle in the center. The outer layer is dry, matt with a velvety and fibrous structure. Color - reddish-orange or reddish-brown, the central part is darker. When in contact with water, it does not increase in size.

Plates are planted infrequently, they are wide, thick. At first, the color corresponds to the hat, then it changes to a tawny brown. In young fungi, a cobweb of yellow-ocher color can be seen.

The leg is cylindrical, increasing or tapering at the base, while its length is 60-100 mm, and the thickness is 4-10 mm. On the fibrous coating, you can find curved belts of a barely yellow hue.

Pulp has a light orange or yellow-brown tinge with a bad smell.

The trace of the dispute is a reddish-brown color. Their size is 8-8.5 microns, the shape is broad elliptical or almost spherical, with a warty outer layer. Halocystids are practically not found.

Where it grows

Spiderweb is the most beautiful - a deadly poisonous mushroom that occurs in Europe in numerous regions. In our localities they grow in the central regions, as well as in the northern part. You can see such mushrooms in mountainous areas, on the slopes of the hills. They are quite rare.

How it grows

Most of all, this fungus grows in oak, as well as old coniferous forests, where light sandy soil is widespread. Raw spruce forests with green sphagnum mosses are also favorable for growth.

Poisonous spores can be scattered to other areas with the help of air flow and as a result of tactile contact. Mycorrhiza forms with spruce.

Fruits from July, until the formation on the soil of the first frost. In the vicinity of the cobweb of the most beautiful species, other species of fungi of this genus can be found.

Spiderweb is a beautiful - deadly poisonous mushroom: species

In our territories, up to 40 species of fungi of this genus can be found, and only 2 of them are edible. Some of them are so dangerous that they are equated to panther fly agarics. The vast majority of mushrooms are simply inedible.

Only specialists can find a difference among all these species, which means that it's better to avoid them.

Similar species

Spiderweb mountain is another poisonous mushroom, the use of which can lead to death. The width of its cap is 30-80 mm, at first it is convex, and when the fungus ages, its shape becomes flat, in the central part there is a flat tubercle. The outer layer is dry. The color differs from yellow-brown to reddish-brown. The height of the leg is 40-90 mm, and its width is 10-20 mm. In the lower part it already. The surface of the cap and legs are fibrous.

Spider web is edible - a kind of mushroom that can be eaten. His second name is fatty. Its 50-80 millimetric hat has a dense fleshy structure with the edges wrapped to the ground. With the course of the life cycle, it acquires a flat, slightly depressed shape. Its color is grayish-white, and the surface is damp. The leg has a height of 20-30 mm and a width of 15-20 mm, it is dense, without bends.

Spider web is a conditionally edible mushroom. It should not be confused with spider mucosa. The hat has a diameter of 100-120 mm. At first it has a bell-shaped form, which eventually becomes flat with a crooked edge. The color of the cap varies between yellowish, brown and brown. The whole mushroom is covered with mucus. The leg reaches 200 mm in length, it resembles a spindle. Its color is white, meets with a bluish tinge. On the leg, you can find particles in the form of lumps and rings.

There is another similar deadly poisonous species - spiderweb shining. It is quite rare. It's very easy to learn from the bright yellow hat covered with mucus. Occurs in coniferous forests.

The cobweb is the most beautiful (a deadly poisonous mushroom, similar species of which were presented to your attention above) can be confused with some mushrooms suitable for consumption. It is a hygrophor scarlet, a camphor mamchar and a sight of a cannon - an armillary of the Deep. The main difference between the poisonous fungus and the can is the presence of ocherous belts and red plates on the stalk - they are white or light yellow in the sieve.

Classification

What else is known about such a fungus as a beautiful spider web? Deadly poisonous fungus, the classification of which includes the following main data:

• Superkingdom - Eukaryotes.
• The Kingdom is Mushrooms.
• Sub-kingdom - Higher mushrooms.
• Department - Bazidiomycetes.
• Podotel - Agaricomycotin.
• Class - Agaricomycetes.
• Subclass - Agaric.
• The family is Web-based.
• Rod - Spiderweb.
• The subgenus is Leprosibe.
• Kind - Web is beautiful.
• World scientific name: Cortinarius rubellus Cooke.

Toxic substances

Spiderweb is the most beautiful - a rare deadly poisonous fungus that contains a very strong toxin, a complex polypeptide - orllanin. It does not lose its toxic properties after treatment with high temperatures, placing it in a different acid medium and drying. Toxicity strongly decreases only under the influence of ultraviolet and solar radiation. This fungus contains 7.5 mg of orllanin for each 1 g of dried mushrooms.

Experts believe that in addition to orlanlanin, 2 additional polypeptides - cortinarin A and B - are found in fungi, which determine the set of manifestations in the form of patient complaints. The joint presence of these 3 components was detected only in 2 species of fungi of this family: a spiderweb of the most beautiful (reddish) and orange-red.

The main symptoms, and how quickly they manifest themselves

Due to a large number of studies, it is determined that the main organ that affects orlanlanin is the kidneys. Due to its interaction with metabolites, free radicals appear in the cells of the epithelium of the kidneys, cell walls collapse, alkaline phosphatase suppression and protein production, as well as damage to the structure of RNA and DNA.

Harm to the body can cause even a small amount of product. 40 g freshly picked mushrooms, eaten, can lead to death. That's why to save your life it is recommended not to pay attention to the cobwebs of a brownish-red hue, and not to collect suspicious mushrooms in general.

The clinical picture of orllanin syndrome, by and large, depends on personal susceptibility to the toxin. In the case of a poisonous spiderweb poisoning, there are four stages of the disease.

The particular danger of poisoning with orllanin is that the symptoms resulting from its entry into the body can appear only after a long time, when it will be too late, and the use of mushrooms will be safely forgotten. There are times when symptoms appear after 7-14 days. During poisoning, the patient may experience nausea, a huge need for drinking, a feeling of dryness and burning in the oral cavity, vomiting, pain in the abdomen may occur. This condition can last from 1 to 2 weeks. If you do not ask for help in a timely manner, you can not be fatal. In special cases, when the patient's condition is very severe, the onset of death can occur even 5 months after the use of the poisonous fungus.

In the case of a short lethal stage, within 2-3 days, acute renal failure with a long oligoanuric stage is formed. Children and the elderly suffer most from the disease.

If the nephropathy is held for a long time, then in 30-50% of cases it will be followed by the formation of a chronic form of renal failure.