Shymkent region: description, list of cities, climate and population

The Shymkent region was founded on March 10, 1932. Initially, it was called South Kazakhstan. In 1962 it was renamed into Shymkent. However, in 1992 the region again became South Kazakhstan. This area is large enough. The area of its territory is 117 249 km ² . In the present borders the region exists since 1973.

Where is the area and its general description

Kazakhstan, as you know, is a big country. And the Chimkent region is one of 14 that is part of this state. This region is located in the south of the country and is densely populated. As a percentage of the territory of the region is only 4.3% of the area of Kazakhstan. The population in this region is 15% of the country's total population. This is actually very much. The population density index is 23 people per 1 km ² .

In total, the Chimkent (South-Kazakhstan) region includes 11 districts. On the territory of the region there are 8 cities and 7 urban settlements. The administrative center of the region is Shymkent (Shymkent). Manages the region (in 2017) Zhanseit Tuimebayev.

The national composition of the population and its population

Of course, the Kazakhs live most of all in the Chimkent region. The share of the population of this nationality is just over 70%. Also in this region there are quite a lot of Uzbeks - about 17%. On the third place in number are Russian. They live in the region about 4.7%. And last place is occupied by Tajiks - about 1,2%. People of other nationalities live on the territory of the region - Koreans, Azerbaijanis, Greeks, etc., but in rather small numbers. The total population of the region in 2015 was 2 788 404 people. Since 1970, it has more than doubled. Along with the Kazakh official in the country in all organizations is the Russian language.

Features of the landscape

, мы выяснили — на юге Казахстана. So, where the Shymkent region is located , we found out - in the south of Kazakhstan. Most of its territory is occupied by the Turan Lowland. However, part of its area falls on the western spurs of the Tien Shan. Most of the territory of the region, thus, is a weakly hilly plain. In the south-west and north of the region there are deserts. In the far south lies the Hungry Steppe. At the very center of the region is the Karatau range. In the south-east of the region are the ranges of Ugam and Karzhantau. Also in this area stretches the outskirts of Talas Alatau.

From the south to the northwest the region is crossed by the large Syr Darya river. Its tributaries are Arys, Kurukkeles, Keles. All these three rivers are mountainous. Their waters are actively used for irrigation of fields. In the north of the region, the Chu River also flows. In the summer, it disintegrates into the reaches. и множество пресных, а также соленых озер. There are many fresh as well as salty lakes on the territory of the Shymkent region .

Climate of the region

This region is located in the southern latitudes, far from the seas. Therefore, the climate here is sharply continental and very arid. In the summer in the Shymkent region, the weather usually is hot. The average annual temperature in July can reach 29 ° C. The amount of precipitation is no more than 100-400 mm per year. A lot of rain and snow falls only in the foothills (up to 800 mm) and high mountains (up to 1000 mm).

Winters in the Shymkent region are quite cold and yet not very snowy. The average annual temperature in January is -11 ° C in the north and -2 ° C in the south.

Flora and fauna of the region

The Shymkent region is also a huge area of deserts. Sands occupy a fairly large part of the territory of the region. Flora in the region is represented mostly by drought-resistant vegetation. In the desert there are saxaul, black and white, tamarisk and other similar shrubs. In the floodplains of the Syr Darya and Chu rivers, the flora is more diverse. Fertile soils in the region are also quite a lot. Here in the meadows all sorts of grass grow. Of course, there are thickets of cane near the water. Also along the rivers you can observe the areas of tugai forests with turanga and willow.

High-altitude belts in the mountains of the Shymkent region are clearly pronounced. At the foot of the ridges stretched deserts with scant vegetation. A little higher are the feather grass steppes and alpine meadows.

Representatives of the fauna in the region live mainly desert and steppe. At most, these are all kinds of rodents - gophers, jerboas, gerbils and reptiles. In the mountains of the region live argali, mountain goats, bears. There are also leopards. In the wooded areas next to the rivers is the territory of wolves, ermines, ferrets, foxes and wild boars. Of birds in the mountains live vultures, and on the lakes - geese and ducks. Class reptiles in the Shymkent region is represented not only by snakes and lizards, but also by turtles.

Aksu-Jabagli Reserve

The fauna and flora of the region, unfortunately, is not particularly diverse. Even more meager is the activity of man. And of course, the unique nature of this mountain-plain region needs protection. , которая впоследствии стала частью Южно-Казахстанской области, был организован Аксу-Джабаглинский заповедник. In this regard, in 1926 in the western and north-western spurs of the Talas Alatau , which later became part of the South Kazakhstan region, the Aksu-Jabagli Reserve was organized. The total area of this reserve is more than 70 thousand hectares.

On the territory of the reserve there live such rare animals as, for example, the porcupine, the snow leopard, the maral, the Siberian goat, etc. There are also all kinds of birds in the reserve. The most rare and interesting in this case are the bustard and the pink starling.

Cities in the region

The administrative center of the Shymkent region, as already mentioned, is Shymkent. Most of the cities in the region were founded during the USSR in order to extract minerals or at railway stations. The regional center of the region - Chimkent - is one of the three largest settlements of Kazakhstan. Its name is translated from Turkic as "green city" or "garden city".

Unlike most other large settlements of the region, Shymkent was founded a long time ago. The first mention of it dates back to 1425 (a description of Timur's military campaigns). However, many historians believe that the settlement on the site of modern Shymkent existed already in the XII century.

For a long time the city was part of the Kazakh Khanate. In 1864 it was taken by Russian troops. In 1914, the city was renamed Chernyaev. However, later the Soviet government returned to its former name.

The largest cities in the Shymkent region after Shymkent are Turkestan and Saryagash. The first one was founded even earlier than Shymkent. Settlement on the site of the city of Turkestan presumably arose in 500 AD. Initially, it was called Shavgar, and later - Yasy. Is located Turkestan about 160 km from Shymkent, near the Syr Darya.

The city of Saryagash is located near the Kazakh-Uzbek border. The distance from it to Tashkent is only 15 km. Founded this settlement in Soviet times. Initially, he was a village. Later, he received the status of the city.

Lenger is one of the largest industrial cities in the Chimkent region. Its population is mainly engaged in the extraction of coal. This city is located in the Tolebi district, within the Ugam range.

In addition to Shymkent, Saryagash, Lenger and Turkestan, in the region there are such cities as:

• Kentau.
• Arys.
• Chardara.
• Zhetysay.

Some part of the population lives in the villages of the Chimkent region. е м ирлановка, Кызыргут, Аксукент, Шаульдер, имени Турара Рыскулова, Шолоккорган. The largest villages and villages are Shayan, T. Irlanovka, Kyzyrgut, Aksukent, Shaulder, Turar Ryskulov, Sholokkorgan. Kentau, Turkestan and Arys belong to the cities of regional subordination.

Districts of Shymkent region

The size of the region is quite large. Districts in its composition is 11. The largest in terms of area is the Suzak - 41,049 km ² . The administrative center of this district is in the village of Sholokkorgan. The most densely populated area of the region is Sayramsky. Here live about 311 thousand people. The area of the district is only 1665 km ² .

Economy of the region: industry

Residents of the region are engaged mainly in enterprises specializing in the extraction of minerals. Also in the region, many plants for the processing of agricultural raw materials have been built. Part of the population is engaged in agriculture in irrigated fields and livestock.

Industries in the Chimkent (South-Kazakhstan) region are as follows:

• Mining;
• non-ferrous metallurgy;
• Machine building;
• Pharmaceutical;
• Chemical;
• Food.

Obtain coal, polymetallic and iron ores, gas, limestone, quartz, gypsum, clay in the region. There are deposits of various ornamental stones on its territory. Also built on the territory of the region are cement, brick, expanded clay, etc. factories.

Agriculture and Livestock

Cotton, wheat, barley, rice, corn, oilseeds and melons are grown on the fields. Well-developed in the Shymkent region is viticulture and horticulture (pear, quince, peach, apple tree).

Sheep breeding prevails in the livestock sector of the region. Also there is a lot in the field of farms specializing in the cultivation of dairy cattle. Private owners include pigs, horses, poultry, camels, donkeys.

Transport region

The total length of railways in the Chimkent region is about 700 km. On its territory pass the Orenburg-Tashkent, Arys-Alma-Ata. The length of motor roads is more than 5 thousand km.

Gas pipeline

"The Blue Fuel" area is capable of providing itself. In December 2010, the construction of the Beyneu-Bazoy-Shymkent gas pipeline was started in the region. In addition to Kazakhstan itself, along this line "blue fuel" is exported to China. The total length of the gas pipeline is 1.5 thousand km. The estimated term of his service is 30 years.

sights

In addition to the Aksu-Jabagly reserve in the Shymkent region, there are many other interesting places for tourists. For example, in the region there are such attractions as:

1. Mausoleum of Haji Ahmet Yasawi. It is an ancient building in the city of Turkestan. The mausoleum was erected by the order of Tamerlane in 1395. Before that, on the site of the structure, which has survived to our days, there was simply a burial of the famous Sufi poet Yasawi.
2. Mausoleum of Arystanbaba. This ancient building is located next to the village of Schaulder. The erected mausoleum was above the burial of the teacher Ahmet Yasawi preacher Arystanbaba. Historians do not have reliable information about the time of construction of this building. It is believed that the mausoleum was erected in the XII century. After a while it was destroyed by the soldiers of Juchi. Restored the mausoleum of Tamerlane.

Also on the territory of the region there are such interesting sights as the Karatau Reserve, Shymkent Zoological Gardens, Abay Park, etc. In the city of Lenger, in Chimkent region, you can see a monument to a public figure of the 17th century. Tolebiu.