Safety sign. Labor safety signs. Safety signs for children

These signs are intended for visual perception of information that allows to ensure security in various spheres of human activity.

Interpretation of the concept under consideration

The safety sign is a color image of the corresponding geometric shape, which serves as a warning to people about immediate (possible) danger. It prohibits, prescribes or permits specific actions, and also acts as a carrier of information on the location of objects, means, the use of which excludes, reduces the impact of dangerous, harmful factors.

Types of Signs Considered

There are four:

1. Basic . They carry an unambiguous semantic expression of the set of requirements for ensuring security. These signs are used independently or as part of group, combined.
2. Additional. They contain an explanatory inscription, and they are always used together with the main ones.
3. Group . They contain in one rectangular block 2 or more basic signs together with explanatory inscriptions. These signs are intended to set out a number of complex requirements, measures to ensure security.
4. Combined . They are rectangular in shape and contain both a basic sign and an additional one along with an explanatory inscription.

Basic signs of work safety

They are as follows:

• Prohibiting (graphic image of black color on a white background with a red border);
• Fire safety (graphic image of white on a red background with a white border);
• Evacuation, medical, sanitary purpose (graphic image of white on a green background);
• Warning (graphic image of black on a yellow background with a black border);
• Prescriptive (graphic image of white on a blue background with a white border);
• Indicative (graphic image of white on a blue background with a white border).

Signal colors and safety signs

For convenience, the information is presented in the form of a table.

The main criterion for choosing the size of a sign

It is the distance. It must be such that the observer can distinguish the safety sign. The value of this criterion, as well as the height of the sign (the font of the explanatory inscription) are intertwined with each other by a certain ratio, depending on the degree of illumination of the sign surface.

The averaged dimensions of all basic signs under normal illumination

They are presented taking into account the required observation distance of 20 meters. For convenience, the information is grouped into a table.

Material for the manufacture of safety signs

According to the State Standard, they can be non-luminous, photoluminescent, retroreflective.

• An unlighted safety sign is used in normal natural (artificial) lighting. Such signs become receptive to the eye of a person even in diffused light. In case of insufficient lighting, they are not used, since in the twilight these signs are hardly distinguishable.
• The retroreflective safety sign, as a rule, is used in very low illumination. But at the same time there must be some source of light nearby, through which the effect of retroreflection will be formed. In the case where the source and the observer are on the same straight line, the sign glows brighter, but all the surrounding objects appear dim.
• Photoluminescent safety signs (GOST) are designed for darkened rooms, as well as for use in situations of emergency light switching. They are made with the use of a phosphor pigment absorbing light, capable of emitting it in the dark for 8 hours.

It is worth noting that, under normal illumination, retroreflective, photoluminescent signs are normal non-luminous. Disclosure of their features occurs only under certain conditions. According to GOST 12.1.007-76 photoluminescent materials belong to the 3rd, 4th class of danger, as they do not contain radioactive elements, and they do not cause harm to the health of workers.

Signs

They are in the form of shields, columns of various shapes, colors, containing symbols, inscriptions, apply in specific places.

The following signal marks stand out:

• Constants : shields "Explorer", "Station boundary", "Start (end) of a dangerous place", limit bars, "C" sign, indicating the whistle, "Start (end) of pushing" and so on.
• In electrified areas (blue square shields with an upward facing corner containing conditional safety signs): "Disconnect current" - it is installed by neutral inserts near the sections of the contact network. The driver, passing them, is obliged to turn off the current. Behind the neutral sign place permanent - "Switch on the current on the electric train (electric locomotive)".
• For the snowplow : "Raise the knife and close the wings", it is set for the winter period of time before the obstacles encountered on the way, preventing the passage of the snow thrower. Behind them place the sign "Lower the knife and open the wings", which allows the snowplow to work.

Both signal signs and safety signs carry information in themselves, which helps to prevent a person from danger.

Considered signs in the field of labor protection

The subspecies of prohibitors are signs of safety rules for labor protection. They are labeled dangerous devices, places, they indicate the impossibility of using mechanisms, premises without special protection, equipment. These signs act as a kind of safety alert for employees. In the event of their absence, a serious fine will immediately follow.

Conditional security signs are an important design element, responsible not for profitability, but for human life. In this regard, for the company, store, hairdresser, shopping center in the legislative order, their installation is required.

Ecological marking

Banks with paints and varnishes are often marked. Signs of environmental safety serve to facilitate the search by the buyer for safe products, they indicate a minimum level of harm to the natural environment.

There are the following criteria for assigning these signs:

1. The level of product safety for both health and the environment based on the content of volatile carbon (aromatic), organic compounds, titanium dioxide, functional additives.
2. Absence of a number of substances in products, for example, containing cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic, methyl ethers, diethylene glycol, and other dangerous substances.
3. Safety depending on the concentration of harmful wastes, the amount of emissions into the atmosphere during production.

Signs of environmental safety, along with water-dispersion coatings, are also assigned to those that contain organic solvents.

To date, we know more than 30 of these signs, it is worth considering in more detail some:

1. The Blue Angel. It has been used since 1978 in Germany. This sign is the most famous in the world. If the product is labeled, it follows that it meets strict environmental criteria. It is assigned only to the most harmless materials.
2. "The Northern Swan" . It acts as an environmental label for the Nordic countries. This sign is also one of the most famous in the world. The Nordic Swan was introduced by the NCM in 1989. To date, such countries as Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland participate in the certification sphere. This marking indicates compliance with strict environmental standards of the manufacturing process, operation.
3. "Ecoculture" is an ecological symbol of Europe. This is a criterion for environmentally friendly materials for the EU countries.
4. "Leaf of Life . " This system of voluntary certification (environmental) was introduced by the St. Petersburg Ecological Union (non-commercial partnership) in 2001. This eco-labeling is recognized by the international community, it meets the principles of a standard such as ISO 14024, as well as the world practice of voluntary certification in the field Ecology. In 2007, the above-mentioned union was admitted to the GEN (Global Eco-Labeling Network).
5. 5. The symbol for the concentration of VOCs in the LMC. At the moment there is no single symbol, but most companies use the developed by B & Q. Depending on the VOC content, the LMC is assigned one of the following 5 labels:
   
   - the minimum (up to 0.29%);
   - low (0.30 - 7.99%);
   - average (8 - 24.99%);
   - high (25 - 50%);
   - very high (over 50%).
   
   
6. "The Green Sign" . He acts as an eco-label in the United States. This symbol also corresponds to the principles of ISO 14024. It means minimal harmful effect on human health, the environment.

SDA for children

To ensure the child safety of each child, it is necessary to teach SDA, behavior on the street. This can help the game form of presentation of knowledge. To date, there is a large number of supporting materials of this subject: children's cartoons, funny pictures, table games, nursery rhymes.

Safety signs for children are easier to remember when they are in pictures or described in verses. This is a good help for the rapid development of traffic rules. As a result, parents will be calm for the safety of their children.

Conclusion

In this article, signal colors, signal signs and safety signs were examined, as well as the average dimensions of the latter, the material for their manufacture, and much more.