Road accident. What to do in case of an accident. Where to call, and what documents are needed for an accident

To date, the number of car accidents on our roads has increased significantly. Naturally, such situations carry a different kind of material waste and physical injury. Often they lead to death. There are different types of incidents, the order of the investigation, the implementation of payments and the punishment of those responsible. What is an accident? How should I act after it happens? You will learn about this in the article presented.

What is an accident and what are the types of accidents?

First of all, let's look at the definition of the term. A traffic accident is a collision of one or more cars, which entails damage to property, damage to people's health, death to the driver, passengers or pedestrians. In any case, the term road accident assumes any moral and material loss.

There are different types of traffic accidents:

1. Collision of cars while driving. These events occur most often. Naturally, the culprits of such an incident are the drivers themselves who neglect the rules and try to drive with speeding.
2. Impact. It can be committed to either an obstacle or a person.
3. Collision of the car with a standing vehicle, for example, at stops and parking lots.
4. Hitting a bicyclist, turning the car, "meeting" with a horse cart.

Naturally, there are other types of emergency situations, but their percentage is relatively small. In principle, these are all kinds of traffic accidents that can occur. Each of them has its own peculiarities and nuances.

Causes of road accidents

It should be noted that both drivers and pedestrians can be equally responsible for the accident. Most often, an accident occurs due to non-compliance with traffic rules, for example:

- speeding (especially in winter and on slippery sections of the road);

- untimely replacement of tires, technical failure of the car;

- driving under the influence of alcohol or drug intoxication, taking drugs, making a trip in a state of fatigue or at night;

- non-observance of the interval between machines;

- Red light travel;

- wrong overtaking of other cars.

A traffic accident can occur even because the turn signal is not switched on in time. As for pedestrians, they too often become the perpetrators of the tragedy. For example, they cross the road in unidentified places, ignore traffic light signals.

The first actions after an accident

A traffic accident is a collision with a car, an obstacle or a person. Despite the fact that after the incident both the culprit and the victim may experience a shock, certain actions should be taken. For example, first thing you need to call an ambulance and traffic police. Remember: under no pretext can not leave the place of the accident (catastrophe). Otherwise, you will be prosecuted and fined.

Immediately try to protect the place where everything happened, and find witnesses who watched the moment of collision or collision. For this, a special tape and signs may be used, which must be in the arsenal of each vehicle owner. At this stage, write down all the eyewitness accounts (numbers of cars, phones). It is mandatory to turn on the emergency lights on the car (if there is a technical possibility). In this case, the car, objects or bodies of the deceased can not be moved.

If the traffic accident does not have significant material consequences, or the health of the accident participants is out of danger, everyone can continue their movement or sort out one another without involving the police. You can leave the place of collision only if the ambulance does not have the opportunity to reach the injured, and you can take them to the hospital yourself (provided there is a serious threat to life). However, you will have to go back and give an explanation to the traffic police representatives.

If your car is insured, you must inform the organization of the incident within 24 hours from the moment of its fixation and no later than five days. It all depends on the terms of the contract that you signed with the UK.

How to correctly place the scene and what documents are needed?

After the representatives of law enforcement bodies arrived at the scene of the accident, they conduct investigative actions and collect all the necessary documents. All this is done in the presence of direct participants in the events. Experts must protect the territory and not let outsiders enter it, which can destroy evidence of guilt or innocence of the driver (pedestrian).

We will understand what documents are needed for an accident:

1. Written explanations of all participants in the incident.

2. Protocol on administrative violation (if there are no dead and injured people).

3. The initial certificate of an accident.

4. Scheme of the incident, which is compiled in the presence of the participants in the situation and signed by them.

Now we will find out what documents are needed in case of an accident, if there is a great material damage or there are victims (dead people):

- certificate of an accident;

- a description of all damage to vehicles, as well as fixing the technical condition of vehicles (the amount of payment for property damage depends on this document);

- Accident scheme ;

- a written explanation of the incident participants;

- an act of medical examination for the presence of narcotic or alcoholic substances in the blood of the culprit (examination of the condition of the participant in the accident should be carried out in the presence of at least two witnesses);

- eyewitness accounts of the situation.

The accident report, which is compiled by the traffic police at the scene of the accident, must be read and signed by all parties that participated in the incident. At the same time, a copy of it can be issued on demand. In the event that there are several offenders, the protocol is compiled for each of them separately.

If necessary, the driver can make additions to the documents, which are fixed by the law enforcement officer. After all the papers have been drawn up, an expert study of the accident site and vehicles is carried out.

What is the examination of an accident? Varieties of examinations

All the conditions and causes that led to the incident must be carefully and objectively investigated. For this purpose an expert examination of the accident is assigned. This procedure is carried out by the traffic police, who have the necessary knowledge and possess all the necessary means (technologies).

There are several types of expertise:

1. Pre-trial or judicial. Both find out the circumstances of the incident. However, in the first case, it can be demanded by both individuals and legal entities. In the second, it is appointed by the prosecutor's office or investigator. Sometimes a judge may ask for a study.

2. Depending on the scale of the accident, as well as the number of its participants, the examination can be divided into:

- Individual (in small incidents, where participation of other specialists is not necessary);

- commission and complex (if you can not do without the conclusion of other experts): most often it is conducted in complex cases.

3. This procedure can also be classified according to the order of priority for:

- Primary;

- repeated;

- additional.

If there are any new issues or disagreements between the accident participants or an insurance company, an independent expert study is appointed. For this purpose, a commission is drawn up from those specialists who do not work in the bodies of judicial investigation or the police.

Any examination of road accidents requires a full survey of cars, parts, debris, traces on the asphalt (or other coating). In addition, damage to buildings, poles or other objects that the machine has touched during an accident should be inspected. And the compulsory examination is also mandatory, which answers the following questions:

- when exactly the road accident was committed;

- in which direction the perpetrator (the victim) was moving.

Obligatory is a forensic medical examination of the condition of the culprit, as well as the injured (dead) people. Thanks to all these researches it is possible to establish completely what and who was the cause of the current situation, and what kind of responsibility should be borne by the person who caused the incident.

How are investigations conducted after an accident?

The traffic accident, no matter how complex it may be, should be investigated by law enforcement officials. In their work they use a whole method of dealing with an accident.

It is necessary to establish the circumstances that contributed to the accident. To do this, find out the reasons that led to an unfavorable outcome (which actions of the culprit were incorrect), where the collision occurred (hitting). Police officers record the result of the accident (what consequences have occurred, how bad is the damage to the car, whether there are dead or wounded people). At the same stage, the degree of guilt of each participant in the incident is determined.

Investigation of road accidents involves the production of such actions:

- inspection of the place of accident (taking into account atmospheric factors, type of coverage, tires and other conditions) and damaged vehicles (the primary is made directly on site);

- withdrawal of clothing of participants in the situation, their documents;

- product interrogations of drivers and passengers of cars;

- getting explanations from witnesses of road accidents;

- product of medical examination of participants of the incident;

- an investigative experiment that will help restore the truth of what happened;

- laboratory examination of cars, clothing, collected items, debris and other items;

- if necessary (if the culprit escaped), actions for the identification of the driver are possible.

Each of the presented procedures provides for a huge number of actions. Each survey and survey should be as detailed as possible so that a complete picture of what happened can be reconstructed.

The trial and responsibility of the perpetrator of the accident

What is an accident, you already know. Now it is necessary to understand the responsibility of the person who provoked the situation. I must say that after the registration of the protocols and other documents, the case is referred to the court for a decision on this or that punishment for the perpetrator.

It should be said that the responsibility for an accident is classified into several types:

1. Disciplinary. It occurs if the driver of the vehicle did not fulfill his duties assigned to him by the employer (the occurrence of an incident during working hours, if the employee took an official car for his own purposes). Such punishment provides for reprimand, penalty or dismissal.
2. Material. It comes in the event that the fault of the driver was broken by someone else's (service) car. In this case, the amount of damage to the envy of the degree of damage to foreign property. The amount must be recorded in a written commitment.
3. Civil-law. It occurs in the event that an accident occurred due to the driver's fault, the transportation of which is a source of increased danger. Victims in this situation may be not only people, but also buildings, as well as ecology, if the driver carries biologically or chemically hazardous substances. The magnitude of such damage is established by a special commission created from various specialists. In this case, the culprit can independently voluntarily pay off the prescribed amount. If he refuses to do this, he will be required through the court.
4. Administrative. The court in case of an accident may make a decision on the punishment of the driver if several offenses have been committed for a certain period of time. And they do not necessarily have to end with an accident. However, there are nuances that can make it possible to avoid punishment for the incident, even if you violated the rules. For example, if the driver was in a state of intoxication, but another person is guilty of the accident, then he will be responsible for the accident. Punishment provides for a fine or forfeiture of rights for a certain period.
5. The criminal. Occurs in the event that as a result of the incident there are seriously injured or dead people. It provides conditional or prison punishment depending on the gravity of the crime.

Who is a witness of an accident and what should he do?

An obligatory part of the investigation of the incident is the questioning of eyewitnesses. Witnesses of road accidents are those people who help to restore the true picture of what happened. They should cooperate as much as possible with the traffic police. In no event shall they leave the scene of the occurrence of the incident.

A policeman leads the interview. All his words are recorded in a protocol, which the eyewitness must carefully read and sign. If necessary, he can be summoned to the court session, which must be present without fail.

In the protocol of an accident, personal and contact details of eyewitnesses must be indicated. If the perpetrator himself can not call the police and the ambulance, or he escaped from the scene of the crime, a witness must call.

In which case should the culprit pay the damage?

Basically, modern cars are subject to compulsory insurance. However, there are cases where the owner does not have a policy, or the incident is not too serious. In this case, the driver himself, who contributed to the accident, can voluntarily give the payment in case of an accident. At the same time, you can pay not only repair of a broken car, but also physical (moral) damage. If there are no technical injuries or injuries in people, this situation is not considered an accident and is not subject to material compensation.

To pay for the broken car to the person responsible for the events, no one should (if he is not insured). He must repair the transport on his own. If a person owns a car that is considered a source of increased danger, then he must compensate for the damage if it happened due to the negligence of the driver, non-compliance with traffic rules on the road.

With regard to the size of payments, they depend on how severe are technical or physical injuries, and are determined by special commissions that carry out the examination of transport. In any case, if the injured party is injured, the culprit must compensate for the costs of treatment. If he does not want to do this, he can be forced through the court.

How to get insurance properly and in what cases is it not paid?

To date, almost all vehicles must be insured. Due to this, car owners have the opportunity to compensate for the restoration of their property. However, there are situations when insurance for an accident is not paid.

Inform your agent in the first 24 hours after the accident. The company must pay compensation within the limits established by the state and the insurance contract. The organization requires the submission of such documents: a policy, a certificate of an accident, a resolution on administrative violation of the law.

Be sure to invite independent experts, as experts of the UK can understate the extent of the damage. Please note that, in addition to compensation for the cost of repairs, the insurance must refund the transportation of the car to the place where it will be produced. Also, she is obliged to cover the burial expenses of those killed as a result of road accidents.

The UK is not obliged to pay if:

- the car was damaged due to an earthquake, a fall of a tree or other force majeure circumstances;

- it will be proved that the owner of the transport specially provoked an accident in order to receive payment;

- the driver is the culprit of the accident;

- the incident was not registered by traffic police;

- the car was damaged as a result of rallies, strikes, competitions.

CASCO in case of an accident will pay damages in the same way as other companies. You just need to present your driver's certificate or power of attorney for driving, a road accident certificate taken from the traffic police, a document that shows the damage to the transport, and the original insurance policy.

Methods of preventing road accidents

To date, in educational institutions, driving courses, as well as traffic police specialists, a number of preventive measures are being implemented, which are designed to reduce the number of traffic accidents. Instruction should be conducted in all organizations without exception. It is held every three months.

Prevention of traffic accidents provides for such activities:

- Propaganda of safe driving (you can not talk on the phone by phone or be distracted by passengers sitting next to you, you should always fasten your seat belts);

- Carrying out of trainings and briefings by traffic police officers, which tell about the causes of accidents, as well as their consequences;

- traffic control on the roads with the help of modern technology (radar);

- Penalties for violation of the rules, as well as for driving under the influence of alcohol (monetary penalties or forfeiture of rights for a certain period);

- equipment of pedestrian crossings by traffic lights.

Each enterprise should annually submit its plan of activities that will help reduce the number of accidents on the roads. This includes pre-school, secondary and higher educational institutions. In schools, classes are held to study the rules of the road, stands are displayed, which tell how to behave to pedestrians.

In addition, every citizen of our country should know what actions to take after the accident, how to provide first aid to the victim and what kind of responsibility is threatening for the road accident.