Pushkin places in Russia. A Journey Through Pushkin's Places

Pushkin's places are highly revered not only among the locals, but also among the newcomers. They are delighted to visit connoisseurs of classical literature, devotees of poetry, excursion groups of adolescents and students of universities, as well as tourists from different countries.

There is no great need to list all the places, one can name the most popular museums created with love by more than one generation of people. And today in these buildings a special atmosphere remains.

Manor of the Goncharovs

Describing Pushkin's places near Moscow, I would like to begin with the Goncharov estate. In the village of Yaropolets there are two unique estates. The estate of Goncharovs is located in its southern part. Pointer for him served as pointed roofs of the church. The name of the village comes from the "Bright Field", here in the old days, according to legend, kennel kennels were kept. Many tsarist representatives liked to hunt in this village.

The manor group was formed during the Zagryazhskys in the 18th century. In the coastal zone of the Lama was built a house of wood for the landowners and the Church of St. John the Baptist (1751-1755), which was located in the front yard. The side gates lead to the church and courtyard. They have the form of castle towers with sharp teeth. From the fence, which used to surround the whole complex, there was only a wall from the south. The semi-circle in the front yard is occupied by outbuildings and the house itself, built in 1780. It connects with the wings of the passages and has highly artistic merit, which makes it possible to rank it among the best manor buildings of that period. The architecture of the building is luxurious and elegant.
The creator of the Goncharovsky complex is considered to be the famous architect of the second half of the 18th century IV Egotov.

The village of Yaropolets AS Pushkin visited twice, in 1833 and 1834. He came to his mother-in-law, the mother of NI Goncharova. Already at that time he noted that the manor was falling into decay, the lines "lived in a ruined palace" confirm this. The so-called "Pushkin Room" existed until 1941, until the war began. It was in the Patriotic War that the estate suffered most, as a result of the fire, enormous damage was inflicted to the internal architecture of the house and the poet's room, as well as to a large number of buildings. In the post-war time, the estate was restored, and now it houses a recreation center. It's a special luck - today to visit Pushkin's places in the Moscow region. Homestead Goncharovyh will dip into the pool of the history of life of poetic genius.

Manor of Zakharovo

The journey through the Pushkin sites should continue, visiting the estates reminiscent of the poet's childhood years. In Russia, a large number of places associated with Pushkin, but the most memorable are rightly those that are associated with his childhood. Any memories leave their imprint on the life of the person who has taken place, and the creative personality - and his works. In order to get acquainted with the poet's childhood, it is necessary to visit the Zakharovo estate, which was once owned by Pushkin's grandmother, MA Hannibal.

Some of the first stories about this estate appear in the 17th century in one of the books. The estate is found in the text as the estate of Kamynin, who was a military commander in Perm and Solikamsk. In the whole history of existence, the house had a large number of owners. And only by the end of 1804 the owner of the estate became the grandmother of Alexander Sergeevich. Somewhere in the late spring of 1805, the daughter of MA Hannibal, Nadezhda Osipovna, comes to the estate with her children. Pushkin's father was not a lover of the countryside and Zaharovo attended very rarely. The poet's family visited the estate every summer, almost until Alexander Sergeevich left for the Lyceum. In 1811, Pushkin's grandmother parted with the estate in Zakharovo, and she passed into the possession of Agrafena Alexeevna, her own sister.

It can be noted that it is this homestead that is the only place that preserved the moments of Pushkin's childhood. From reliable sources it is clear that from 1805 to 1810 the poet spent every summer here. The indelible impressions received from staying in this estate, leave their imprint on the further life of Pushkin, since the whole house is impregnated with the Russian way of life. It is located in the bosom of magnificent nature. It was here that Pushkin first learned what a Russian village is, thanks to a caring grandmother and a nanny, as well as the environment of his sister and brother. Vivid impressions arose from the poet from going to the neighboring village of Vyazma in a small church. Pushkin's places near Moscow are especially loved by connoisseurs of Russian art.

Unfortunately, the house where the poet spent the summer did not survive. At the beginning of the 20th century an exact wooden replica was built on the foundation of the old house, but it could not survive to this day because of the fire that happened in 1933. By the 200th anniversary of the birth of Pushkin, in 1999, the house was again rebuilt. In the new structure, there was nothing left of the old exhibits, but they were replaced by other items, which also refer to the time when the poet lived, but are not his relatives.

The Great Vyazemy

Pushkin's places in the suburbs are represented by another estate. The Greater Vyazem Manor was glorified not only by Alexander Pushkin, but also by many other famous people all over the world, among them the Princes Golitsyna, Kutuzov and even Napoleon. It is worth taking a closer look at the heroine of the "Queen of Spades", perhaps it will remind someone of the inhabitants of the estate. A walk through the beautiful halls of this palace, which is now included in the Historical literary museum-reserve, created in honor of AS Pushkin, will help to make sure of this. It is better to visit the Pushkin places with a guide. Sightseeing then filled with meaning.

Manor from the fortress

The initial mention of the Great Vyazem comes across in the chronicles dated to the 16th century. So in those days was called the final station on the route to Moscow on the road "Big Smolenskaya". The word "Vyazma", as some scientists say, comes from the Slavic "viscous" (the silt bottom of the nearest river). In the years 1585-1586. These places passed into the possession of Boris Godunov, who built a huge wooden palace, wings, a boyar house and a temple, and surrounded these structures with a fortification wall. During the Time of Troubles, False Dmitry lived in Big Vyazem, and Marina Mnishek also stayed there for some time with her courtiers. Toward the end of the 17th century Peter I gave this estate to Boris Golitsyn, who also was engaged in the complete restoration of the palace. The house in the estate of Bolshye Vyazemy, which survived to this day, was rebuilt by N.M. Golitsyn, great-grandson of Boris Golitsyn, in 1784. These places Alexander visited many times. In his novel "Eugene Onegin" he described in detail this house, which belonged to Onegin in the work, and the estate in Zakharovo became the prototype of the Larin estate.

The Volkov-Yusupov Palace

Pushkin's places in Russia differ in a wide scope. A photo can only partially display all their greatness. On the merit, they can be assessed only by personal visit.

Pushkin's places in Moscow are no less interesting. Not far from the station "Krasnye Vorota" is the oldest sample of the stone building of the capital. The Volkov-Yusupov Palace has a rich history. It was built in the 17th and 19th centuries and is known as the Volkov Chambers or the Yusupov Palace. There is an opinion that he was built even earlier, in the 16th century, by the famous architects of Russia Barma and Postnik, who later built the St. Basil's Cathedral on Red Square.

Before Peter II gave the palace to Grigory Dmitrievich Yusupov, he belonged to a large number of officials and military of the time. The last before the Yusupovs owned by the estate was Alexei Volkov, who was a secretary in the Military Collegium. And in the years 1801-1803. In the western part of the chambers lived the family of Alexander Pushkin, therefore the palace is considered an architectural monument of the Pushkin places. The structure is an architectural complex consisting of several terems, which are crowned with outlandish platbands, regal columns, beautiful weights. The roofs of the buildings are decorated with forging and carving, weather vanes, gratings and columns. The beautiful exterior of the interior is in excellent condition.

Pushkin House-Museum in Moscow

Pushkin's places in the Moscow region are located mainly in Moscow and its immediate vicinity. On the Arbat, in the center of the capital, in a 2-storey old house in 1831, Pushkin rented an apartment in which the spiritual center of the creative intelligentsia is now located. There is also a memorial museum-apartment of the poet, which is visited by several generations of his admirers. In this apartment Alexander Sergeevich celebrated his noisy bachelor party and after the wedding he lived in this house with his wife NN Goncharova. According to some testimonies of contemporaries, this house was especially dear to him, since it was within his walls that Pushkin's happy life passed. Quite long in this building there were communal apartments, only a modest facade plaque, which was installed in 1937, reminded that once in this house lived a great poet. And only on February 18, 1986, after a long restoration, the house officially became a museum.

Exposition

To my great regret, there was no any data on the interior of the house in which Pushkin lived, so the museum staff decided to leave the second floor with practically no exhibits. The same fate befell some other Pushkin places. The photo therefore can not fully reflect the entire beauty of the monument. The walls of the apartment-museum are decorated with portraits of people who were frequent guests of Alexander Sergeevich. Among still a small number of exhibits can be seen portraits of Pushkin and his wife, written during his lifetime, as well as the desk of the poet and the table of his wife Pushkin. The first floor of the museum is occupied by the exposition Pushkin and Moscow, which shows the warm but uneasy relations between the poet and the capital. Also illustrations for some of the poet's works are presented, and in the drawing room there are often creative evenings. Pushkin's places in Russia, especially in Moscow, deserve attention from many art critics and writers.

The Pushkin Mountains

In 120 km from Pskov there is a settlement Pushkinsky mountains. The name of the area was chosen for good reason, because the poet is closely connected with it by two estates that once belonged to Pushkin's family, and one was in the possession of his friends. And also in this area there is a monastery in which the famous poet was buried. At the moment all three estates form a museum named after AS Pushkin.

Mikhailovskoye

Mikhailovskoye - the most popular estate of A.S. Pushkin. Here he spent a lot of time in his youth and in his adult years, and from 1824 to 1826 he stayed at the Mikhailovskaya exile. Before the birth of the poet, this estate belonged to his family. Since 1742, the estate was inherited from the great-grandfather to the mother of the poet. On bail of the state the estate passed in 1899, when Pushkin would have turned 100 years old, and in 1911 it was transformed into a museum dedicated to Alexander Sergeyevich. The estate was restored twice, the first time the estate was swallowed up by fire in 1918. The estate was rebuilt by 1937 and the second time it was destroyed in the Great Patriotic War and was restored already in the postwar period.

On the territory of the estate there is a restored house and some things belonging to the poet. Some rooms of the estate are available for visiting, one of them is Pushkin's office, in which there is his desk. The servants of the museum are trying to restore every minute of the poet's life spent in this patrimonial nest.

Petrovskoye

The estate in the middle of the 18th century was donated to Elizabeth I by the great-grandfather of the poet AP. Hannibal. Later it was passed on to grandfather PA Hannibal, and even later to Uncle VP Hannibal. He was the ultimate owner of the family. Since 1839, the estate belonged to other owners, and in 1936 was introduced into the structure of the Pushkin Museum. The estate has been restored several times. The buildings that stood at Pushkin burned down in 1918. In 1977, the estate of grandfather PA Pushkin was rebuilt, and in 2000 - the mansion of A. Hannibal's great-grandfather. Today, the museum complex owns two of these buildings and a public garden with a pavilion-grotto. Pushkin's places in Russia acquaint everyone with the life of the legendary poet.

Trigorskoye

This estate of fellow writers, Osipov-Wolf, with whom Pushkin was closest friends at the time of exile in 1824-1826. Like other estates of the Pushkin Mountains, Trigorskoye burned down in 1918. Reconstruction began already in the postwar period. By 1962, the manor house had been resurrected, and by 1978 - the bathhouse, which at that time served not only as a place for washing, but as a garden house, in which the poet loved to relax. In the exhibition of the master's building historical property and objects of that period were presented. In a circle there is a square in which there is "Bench Onegin" and "Alley of Tatiana". It is worth noting that Trigorskoye is a prototype of the Larin estate. There is a suggestion that Alexander Sergeevich copied the morals of the heroes of his novel from his own comrades. One of the most entertaining places of the square is the oaks, planted in a circle, which resemble a sundial. Pushkin's places can be called fabulous, because the nature surrounding them really reminds of tales written by a poet.

Svyatogorsky Monastery

Svyatogorsky monastery is famous for the fact that the poet is buried in it together with the whole family. The full name is the Svyato-Uspensky Svyatogorsky monastery, It was built in the 16th century by order of Ivan the Terrible IV. According to the legend, the monastery is installed on the place where the shepherd saw the icon of the Mother of God. Alexander Sergeyevich was very fond of visiting this place, talking with the abbots and parishioners who always gathered at the fairs organized by the monastery. Approximately in 1924 it was closed, after the branch of the museum of the poet was created, and already in 1992 became a man's abode.

This is not all Pushkin places located in Russia. In fact, Alexander Sergeevich's trail is traced in many parts of the country.