Population size of Tajikistan: dynamics, current demographic situation, trends, ethnic composition, language groups, employment

In 2015, the population of Tajikistan was 8.5 million people. This figure has quadrupled in the last fifty years. The population of Tajikistan is 0.1 of the world population. Thus, each 1 person out of 999 is a citizen of that state.

Population of the Republic of Tajikistan in dynamics

In 1951 there were 1.6 million people in the state. This is five times less than now. In the early 1960s, the population of Tajikistan for the first time exceeded two million. In 1970 there were 2.875 million people in the country, and in 1972 - 3.063. The threshold of 3,000,000 was overcome in 1982. During this period, 4,089 million people lived in Tajikistan. In the following years, the population growth rate somewhat accelerated. Already in 1989, the threshold of 5 million was overcome. However, it should be noted that the highest rate of population growth was recorded in 1963. Then it was 3.94%. The lowest rate of population growth was in 1998 - 1.27%. In 1999 there were just over six million people living in the country. Low population growth rates were recorded from 1995 to 2000. Then the population began to increase faster. In 2007, 7,024 million people lived in Tajikistan. Six years later, the threshold of 8,000,000 people was overcome. In 2015, about 8,389 million people lived in Tajikistan.

The current demographic situation

As of January 1, 2016, the population of Tajikistan is 8.577 million people. This is 2.24% more than in the past. It is estimated that at the beginning of 2017, 8.769 million people will live in Tajikistan. A positive natural increase is expected. The birth rate in 2016 exceeds the death rate by 217,339 thousand people. According to experts, emigration will remain at the level of 2015. This means that because of it the population of Tajikistan will decrease by 25045 people. In 2016, 729 babies were born on the day. That's about thirty per hour. The density of the population of Tajikistan, according to December 2016, is 60.2 people per square kilometer. About 33.9% of citizens are under 15 years of age, and 3.4% are over 65. Most of the population belongs to the age group from 15 to 64. Life expectancy at birth is 66 years.

About 99.77% of the adult population is literate. For men, this indicator is 99.83%, for women - 99.72%. For residents aged 15 to 24 years, the literacy rate is even higher. It is equal to 99.86%. The school is 12 years old. However, they are completely less than 90% complete.

Trends

The main ethnic group in the population of Tajikistan are ethnic Persians, which originated from the ancient East-Iranian peoples of Central Asia. Also represented are the Uzbeks, Kirghiz and Russians. However, they are in the minority. Prior to the beginning of the 20th century, residents used the following signs for self-identification: the settled and geographical location of the residence. Until the end of the 19th century, Tajiks and Uzbeks did not perceive each other as two different nationalities. The situation changed artificially after the formation of four Soviet republics in Central Asia in the 1920s.

The population of Tajikistan has a tendency to grow. High levels of fertility and mortality are characteristic of developing countries, to which this state belongs. A distinctive feature is the low life expectancy.

Ethnic composition

If we consider how many people in Tajikistan belong to the dominant group, it is about 84.3%. About 13.8% of the residents are Uzbeks. And only 2% - Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkmen or Arab. The bulk of the population are Muslims. Among them, 85% are representatives of the Sunni direction.

Language groups

The official language is Tajik. The majority of the population can speak it. The country is also spoken in several dialects of Persian. Many speak Russian. It is widely used by educated people, as well as in business. In the broadcasting grid, there are Russian-language channels, and wealthy families often send their children to study in the Russian Federation. This state of affairs is connected with the Soviet past of Tajikistan. Ethnic minorities use their native languages in everyday communication.

Employment

According to data for the second quarter of 2016, 2,249 million people are employed in Tajikistan. Over the period from 2000 to 2016, the average figure was equal to 1395.3 thousand. The maximum number of employees was recorded in 2015. Then 2,276 million people were employed. The lowest figure for the last ten years was recorded in 2000. In the first quarter of this year, only one million people have officially worked. In Tajikistan, men retire at 63 years, women in 58. The age limit has been gradually increasing since 2000. According to data for September 2016, 53.5 thousand people are actively searching for work. This is somewhat larger than the average for the period from 1994 to 2016. The unemployment rate is 2.3%, according to September 2016. The average for the period from 2010 to 2016 was equal to 2.43%. The maximum unemployment rate was fixed in 2000 at the level of 3.13%. The minimum is in December 2004.