Parietal bone. Structure of the parietal bone

The dark bone, like all other structures of the human body, has its anatomical features. They are caused by those tasks, the implementation of which is entrusted to this area of the skull.

Anatomic structure of the parietal bone

At present this aspect is known very, very well. The dark bone is a kind of quadrangle. This structure has a flattened shape.

The dark bone is the steam room. Both of them have absolutely no differences. The dark bone left and right are connected to each other by their upper edges. They are called sagittal. These edges are fastened by the same suture. The frontal and parietal bone are connected in front. The first of them is slightly wedged into the second one. This is due to the fact that the frontal edge of the parietal bone has a somewhat concave shape.

The lower edge of this anatomical structure is called scaly. He is so called because of the surface that changes a little in this place. This edge connects the parietal bone with the temporal.

There is also the occipital margin. It borders on the same bone. This edge has a somewhat convex shape.

In addition, the parietal bone also has 4 edges. The one that is located between the occipital and temporal bone is called mastoid. Above it is the occipital angle. Between the frontal and temporal bones is a wedge-shaped angle. Somewhat higher is the frontal angle.

"Superficial" anatomy

The dark bone does not have a flat structure. The fact is that its outer surface is convex, and the inner surface, on the contrary, is concave. This anatomical structure of the parietal bone is due to the need for a relatively tight fit to the brain.

The outer surface is relatively smooth. As for the internal, it is quite heterogeneous. The fact is that on this surface there is a large number of arterial furrows. They are necessary for additional protection of blood vessels that supply blood to an important organ such as the brain.

On the inner surface of the parietal bone in the region of the mastoid angle is the sigmoid sinus groove.

Functions of the parietal bone

First of all, it is part of the skull. The main task of this bone is to protect the skull from any damaging actions of the external environment. First of all, we are talking about the protection of the central organ of the entire nervous system from various kinds of strokes and other traumatic influences.

Another important function of the parietal bone is to protect the brain from low temperatures. Also, this role is to a certain extent also performed by the hairline.

About pathology in the parietal bone structure

This area often becomes the place of formation of this or that pathological process. Currently, the most common of these are:

• osteoma;
• Cephalohematoma;
• Hyperostosis;
• Various kinds of trauma.

Osteoma

It is a benign tumor. Its feature is the so-called exophytic growth (that is, outwards). It is thanks to this that it does not pose a serious danger to human health. The main trouble here can only become a cosmetic defect. Such a benign tumor grows extremely slowly.

Diagnosis of the disease is carried out using X-ray examination, as well as computed tomography.

With regard to treatment, it is carried out on the treatment of the patient by removing part of the parietal bone. In the event that this section of its area exceeds 2 cm ² , the resulting hole is closed with a special material.

Cephalocephaloma

This pathology in the vast majority of cases develops during labor. This occurs when the skull of a child appears on the light and the birth canal of his mother. As a result of constant mechanical action, which appears on the parietal bone during labor, a hemorrhage occurs under the periosteum. In children, the coagulation capacity is significantly less than in adults, so the cephalohematoma can grow for several days. At the same time, because of the anatomical features of this region outside the parietal bone, this pathological process never comes out.

Diagnosis of cephalohematoma is based on routine examination, as well as ultrasound.

In the case of small bleeding, treatment may not be required. Over time, the resulting cephalohematoma will resolve itself. If the amount of blood is large enough, then you need to remove it with a puncture. In cases where, in addition to cephalohematemia, skin damage also occurs, it is necessary to conduct a course of treatment with antibacterial drugs, otherwise significant complications may occur.

Hyperostosis

This deviation from the norm is the formation of excessive layers on the surface of the parietal bone. As a result, it turns out to be somewhat thicker than usual. There are no clinical manifestations of such a pathology. This also explains the fact that, more often than not, this deviation from the norm becomes an accidental finding in the process of radiography or computerized tomography of the skull, appointed for entirely different reasons.

Treatment of hyperostosis is not required. He not only does not cause harm to health, but does not even manifest as a cosmetic defect.

Injuries

Most often, the pathology of the parietal bone structure is traumatic. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the defect arises precisely in the place where the force is applied. In this case, fractures of the parietal bone have several varieties:

• Linear;
• Depressed;
• The comminuted.

Linear fractures suggest the formation of a crack. Usually this is preceded by severe compression of the skull from the outside. Depressed fractures are characterized by the presence of a part of the bone that is deflected into the cranial cavity. With regard to comminuted fractures, they suggest the division of the parietal bone into several separate parts. In this case, it usually suffers only some specific part of it.