Ovarian cyst: sizes for surgery are dangerous and normal

One of the most common female diseases is the ovarian cyst. The dimensions for the operation of this formation, as well as its varieties and methods of treatment, will be considered in this article.

What is a cyst?

Nowadays, women with ovarian cyst symptoms are increasingly turning to a gynecologist. Learning about their diagnosis, many panic. However, this should not be done. The cyst is nothing but a benign formation that is located on the body and tissues of the ovaries. Usually it appears when a woman experiences hormonal failure. What is this phenomenon? In fact, it is not a tumor, but a vial filled with fluid. It has rather thin walls, based on a peculiar leg. The dimensions of this cavity can be different: from a few millimeters to twenty centimeters. The larger the bubble, the more likely it will be to remove it. The attending physician will tell the patient at what size the ovarian cysts are performing the operation, and will also prescribe the necessary treatment.

As a rule, it poses no danger if diagnosed in time. However, cases of its degeneration into a malignant tumor are known.

Only the doctor can detect the cyst. The first examination takes place on the gynecological chair, where the doctor will see that the ovaries (or only one of them) have increased in size. After this, ultrasound will be assigned, which will confirm the doctor's assumptions.

In addition, it is necessary to take tests for FSH hormones and estrogen to understand the cause of cyst formation. Also mandatory is to do a survey on the marker CA-125. Its indicator will reveal whether there is a risk of cancer.

When all the tests are ready, you need to make sure that this is really an ovarian cyst. Symptoms and treatment of a woman will be further examined by a doctor.

A cyst or not?

Those who first encountered this phenomenon can not always recognize this disease.

Usually the first symptoms that women celebrate are:

• Pain in the lower abdomen. Can be localized in only one part.
• Violation of the menstrual cycle. The delay for a week or more, or, conversely, the early arrival of menstruation should alert the woman. Especially if it began to happen regularly.
• Soreness in sexual intercourse. The larger the size of the cyst, the stronger it presses on neighboring organs, causing unpleasant sensations.
• Temperature increase. Usually this is a low figure, slightly more than 37 degrees.
• Insomnia. Due to hormonal adjustment, a woman does not sleep well at night. Especially if there is a pain in the lower abdomen.
• Nausea. One of the most common concomitant symptoms.

Quite often, the cyst of the right ovary is confused with acute appendicitis. If there was a twisting of her legs, then without an ultrasound examination, these diseases are virtually indistinguishable.

Causes of appearance

Depending on the reason for the appearance of the cyst, several species are distinguished. However, there are general conditions for the appearance of this disease:

• Irregular and early-onset menstruation (10-11 years).
• Endocrine disorders.
• The intake of hormonal drugs that affect the appearance of cysts.
• Infertility.
• Abuse of addictions.
• Obesity.

Functional (follicular)

According to statistics, the most common type of cyst is functional, or yellow body. It often quite often occurs in women of reproductive age. Every month a healthy woman on one of the ovaries ripens the follicle. It contains an egg. If fertilization does not occur, an underdeveloped unfertilized egg leaves the follicle, and the woman begins menstruation. However, this process does not always go so smoothly. The slightest failure in the body can contribute to the fact that the follicle is not torn. In this case, it is filled with liquid. The walls of such a bubble are thin. The bigger it is, the thinner they are. But do not worry: usually the next arrival of monthly it completely resolves. In the event that this does not happen, it begins to fill with fluid and increase. If a "follicular ovarian cyst " was diagnosed, the size for the operation is usually 8 centimeters. Only in rare cases it occurs larger than this limit.

However, before surgery it does not come so often. With a properly constructed scheme of conservative treatment, she will leave herself. The most important thing that is required of a woman is to apply at the first signs to a doctor. Almost always such a cyst of the ovary (see photo in the article) is accompanied by pulling pains in the lower abdomen, usually exacerbated after ovulation.

The complication that can occur when ignoring this formation is the torsion of the cyst leg, as well as its rupture.

Although often small bubbles of this kind are found by doctors on ultrasound, they do not carry any danger

Dermoid

This type of cyst differs from follicular. Although the clinical picture is very similar: a woman begins to feel pain in one of the ovaries, complains of pains in the abdomen. Usually the dermoid cyst is not large. As a rule, it begins to manifest itself, reaching 3-5 centimeters. Upon examination, the doctor will feel the compaction on one of the ovaries. The walls of such a bubble are rather dense, but they are elastic. Ultrasound examination, appointed by a doctor, will be able to determine that this is the dermoid ovarian cyst. The symptoms and treatment of women with this education are different from the functional one. It does not pass on its own, usually surgery is required.

Due to the hormonal splash in the body, a bladder is formed from the connective tissue. Usually it is observed in girls in the teenage period, women experiencing menopause, as well as in pregnant women. A sharp increase in homonews provokes the development of such a cyst. In rare cases, when treatment was not performed on time, the so-called teratoma may increase to twelve centimeters in size and even develop into a malignant tumor.

A characteristic feature of this type of cyst is its gel-like content. When removing such a tumor, doctors find in the cavity of the bladder rudiments of the teeth, hair follicles, cartilage. What is remarkable: in the cavity of this tumor the sebaceous glands are developed. Therefore, it also contains fatty tissue.

The less this education, the easier it is to remove it. If you are told on ultrasound that you have a teratoma, you should not be frightened. In most cases this is a benign ovarian cyst. The dimensions for the operation are not important here: when diagnosing a dermoid cyst, they take the necessary tests, exclude cancers, and then prepare the patient for surgery. After it, the contents of the tumor are taken away for study.

Dimensions of the endometrioid ovarian cyst for surgery

Today, quite often, women are faced with a diagnosis of "endometriosis." Under this name is a fairly serious disease. It is accompanied by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the uterus. Against the background of this disease, a complication such as endometriotic cyst can develop.

Unfortunately, doctors still can not come to a common opinion, for what reason it is formed. According to one of the versions, this is because during the menstrual blood from the uterine cavity enters the ovary together with the cells of the endometrium. There they grow, forming this very cyst. Another variant of its origin: with any surgical intervention the uterus and the ovaries of the woman were traumatized, which contributed to the development of such a cyst.

This education manifests itself by the following symptoms:

• Lower abdominal pain.
• Difficulty with conception.
• Too long months (more than 10 days).
• Problems with the intestines, frequent constipation.
• Increased body temperature.

Usually the most frightening sign for a woman is that attempts to get pregnant for a long time can not be crowned with success. With ultrasound diagnosis, an "endometriotic cyst" can be diagnosed.

Fortunately, there is a chance that you can do without surgery. The doctor will first try conservative treatment. A woman is artificially created menopause, so that all genitals are, so to speak, in an inoperative state. Against the background of taking strong hormonal drugs, such tumors decrease in size or pass completely.

However, in the case when such an ovarian cyst is large, surgery is unavoidable. Education with a diameter of more than 5 centimeters becomes dangerous for the health of women. If hormone replacement therapy has not helped, it can not be avoided without surgical intervention.

In good clinics, the safest operation is performed - laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst. With just a few holes in the abdomen of the doctor, the tumor is removed. After such a procedure, women recover much faster than after a lumbar operation.

Paraovarial

It is believed that most often doctors diagnosed with a cyst of the left ovary. The dimensions for the operation of such formations depend on each particular species. For example, a parovarial tumor is characterized by what is usually formed on the left side.

This cyst is a fused ovary and its appendage. It is located in the ligaments of the uterus. The causes of its formation are endocrine diseases, untimely puberty, and frequent surgical abortions.

Increasing in size, such a cyst begins to press on the bladder and intestines. Because of this, a woman experiences frequent urge to urinate and constipation. In addition, the menstrual cycle is broken, and sexual life becomes impossible due to constant pressing pain.

This kind of cyst is considered to be the largest. If it is not treated, the growth can be more than ten centimeters in diameter. There are cases when parovarial formation increased to several kilograms. This is extremely rare, usually it is found, being very small.

Undoubtedly, if the doctor says that you have a parovarial cyst of the left ovary of large size, the operation will be carried out as soon as possible. Often it is not allowed to grow more than 7-8 centimeters. There are cases when such a growth is found on the right. There is absolutely no difference for her treatment or removal.

The walls of this cyst are very dense, equipped with blood vessels.

It is pleasant to please the representatives of the fair sex the fact that this education does not flow into a malignant one. But this does not give the woman the right to forget about him! Only timely treatment will help get rid of such a cyst. As a rule, if it is small and no longer grows, then such a growth will not do any harm. In this case, it is necessary to constantly monitor it with the help of ultrasound and a consultation of a gynecologist.

Unfortunately, self- parovarial cyst does not resolve itself. In rare complicated cases, the doctor will perform a cystic surgery to remove it . Ovarian small diameter cyst is removed by laparoscopy.

Cystadenoma

This is another kind of cyst-like tumor. It has clear contours and is filled with serous fluid. Can consist of one or more cameras.

If you have a serous ovarian cyst, the size for the operation of such a tumor is more than 5 centimeters in diameter. There are cases when it has grown more than 30 cm. This is clearly a neglected disease, which caused unbearable pain to a woman. However, for some reason, such patients did not turn in time for help to doctors. With this complication, there is a noticeable increase in one part of the abdomen, just the one where the tumor is localized.

In rare cases, it is able to grow into a malignant one.

At the first signs of such a cyst, the doctor prescribes anti-inflammatory and antitumor drugs, hormonal therapy and fortification with vitamins. Often conservative treatment gives good results.

Complications

In some cases, ovarian cysts can lead to some complications. Usually they are as follows:

• A ruptured cyst. In this case, all the contents of the bladder enter the abdominal cavity. In this case, a process similar to the rupture of an appendix occurs-peritonitis. The woman feels a sharp pain, the temperature of her body rises, there may be a loss of consciousness. All this is fraught with internal bleeding. The patient must be urgently delivered to a medical institution.
• Twisting the cyst. In this case, the ovary is "hostage". Blood does not come to him, and therefore pain syndrome develops quickly, which can not be stopped with any medications. In case of torsion, the ovarian cyst will be immediately removed. Unfortunately, sometimes with him. If the ovary does not have a blood supply for a long time, then its tissues die, which can not be restored.
• Transition to malignant education. Usually it happens in the case when the cyst for a long time ignored. Not begun on time treatment can promote the regeneration of tissues, and this is very, very dangerous. Therefore, you should immediately contact the doctor if you suspect that you have an ovarian cyst. The size for the operation of such tumors is determined by the doctor. It happened that the follicular cyst reached more than 8 cm in diameter, but passed independently, without the intervention of the surgeon. Everything is very individual.
• Inflammation. Prolonged development of the cyst can cause suppuration on the ovary. In this case, antibacterial therapy should be immediately prescribed.

Surgery to remove the cyst on the ovary

Modern medicine copes with such a disease easily. When conservative therapy does not help, doctors perform the operation. In the view of many women immediately there is a picture: the surgeon with a mask on his face cuts her stomach along and across. A couple of decades ago it was like that. But now there are more sparing methods. For example, laparoscopy. A special tool the doctor makes small holes in the abdomen. Then an operation is performed to remove the cyst. First, its contents are gently eliminated, which is then sent for histology. After the walls of the bladder are removed. The simplest is the removal of functional cysts. They are practically safe and have thin walls.

The dermoid cyst requires more thorough intervention, because its cavity contains various solid elements.

In the case of a sudden rupture of the cyst or its torsion, the operation is performed urgently. In this situation, it is most likely to be cavitary. Rehabilitation after it is about ten days. With laparoscopy, this period is reduced threefold.

Ovarian cyst after surgery can appear again. However, many women, knowing the reasons for its formation, try to warn themselves against this in the future.

First, you must carefully monitor the schedule of taking prescribed medications. If this is not done, the relapse will not be long in coming. But is it worth the suffering that went through during the operation? Secondly, if the ovarian cyst is removed, it does not in the least threaten your reproductive function. After recovering, a woman can become a mother again.

Usually surgical intervention ends safely, do not be afraid of it and pull with it. Otherwise, there is a risk of earning complications.

After the operation, the pain will continue, which will take place in a few days. Taking medication will ease your condition. And do not forget about the sexual rest that the doctor will appoint for you. If these simple recommendations are followed, the process will be much easier.

Conclusion

From our article, you learned at what size ovarian cysts are doing the operation. However, it does not always matter. First, you need to find out the reason why it was formed. Then the doctor will determine her type, appointing the woman the necessary tests and ultrasound. As a rule, it becomes necessary to determine the level of special hormones, the number of leukocytes in the blood, the definition of oncomarkers.

After all these procedures, it is decided which way to treat. Large cysts (from 8 centimeters) are almost always deleted promptly. More often it occurs or happens by means of a laparoscopy.

Follicular cysts have the feature of disappearing on their own. However, if they regularly appear, hormone therapy should be prescribed to avoid their occurrence in the future. However, as experts mark, such cysts will appear and disappear independently practically during all fertile period of a life of the woman.

Endometriosis cyst requires more complex treatment. Even after its removal, it is necessary to carefully treat the uterine mucosa, which will help to eliminate relapses.

Other types of cysts appear only once and after removal they never return.