Order of St. Stanislaus (photo)

The Order of St. Stanislaus is the state award of our country. Earlier this distinction was issued by emperors and kings who ruled the state. Order of St. Svyatoslav - junior compared to other state awards. Received it mainly officials.

When the reward was established

The Order of St. Stanislaus was established on May 7, 1765 by the Polish King Stanislaw August Poniatowski. This was done in memory of the patron of the country, whose name and received the state award. After the accession of Poland to Russia, this award was given to Alexander I.

Who was awarded this order

They were awarded to them by subjects of the Polish Kingdom and Russia. This distinction was given to officials, military, scientists - all who distinguished themselves in service for the good of the country. Handed him over for excellent public service, charitable work and military feats. The award relied on scientific discoveries in various fields and the creation of large manufactories. Often, the order was issued for creative works, recognized as generally useful.

This distinction was a mass award. Any state employees who served their time or who had good grades could apply for it. The award of St. Stanislaus was the youngest among other Russian insignia. But the gentleman, who received the Order of St. Stanislaus of the 3rd degree, acquired the status of a hereditary nobleman.

Among the nobles, discontent ripened that the small merchants and employees in the blink of an eye turned out to belong to a higher caste. And the emperor decided that this is too easy a way of obtaining such a title. Therefore, the status of the order was changed. Beginning on the twenty-eighth of May, 1855, the insignia of the second and third degree no longer contributed to the acquisition of the noble title.

Who and how was awarded?

The Order of the third degree was awarded to the Cavalier Duma, which was established at the award. It included twelve senior gentlemen, whose chairman had a first-class distinction. The Duma met in the capital, annually in April. Certificates of awarding the first degree were signed by the emperor personally. And the award of II and III st. Was made by members of the Chapter of the Order.

History of the Order

The Manifesto of the Order of St. Stanislaus was published by Alexander the First in December 1815. According to the document, 4 degrees of the award were introduced. The next manifesto on the Order was issued on September 2, 1829. According to him, the award retained all of its four degrees. The document also prescribed merit, for which the order was issued, and for its owners - the rights and benefits.

To the Russian awards, the insignia was added on the seventeenth of November 1831. And on the twenty-eighth of May, 1839, the order received a new status. Nikolay First abolished the fourth degree of the award. And at the same time, by order of the emperor, the image of Saint Svyatoslav was replaced with his monogram with the name.

Until 1917 the order retained its status with minor changes. The members of the Imperial Russian House became automatically hereditary gentlemen of the first degree.

In 1917, after the revolution, the Order of St. Stanislaus in Soviet Russia was not restored. Poland did not introduce it into its state decorations, and proclaimed its independence in 1918. The government decided to establish a new order. For him, was taken and an element from the award of St. Stanislaus - ribbons.

Description

The Order of St. Stanislaus is a cross, having 4 separated ends. The first and second degrees differ in the size of the reward. Earlier to the Order of the 1st and 2nd centuries. Attached octagonal star. But after 1939, it was abolished for Russian nationals who received the First Degree of Distinction. The star of II century. Only foreigners were awarded.

Since 1844, for citizens who were not Christians, the monogram of St. Stanislaus, located in the center of the Order, was replaced by a black eagle with two heads - a symbol of the Russian Empire. Since 1855, to the marks of distinction attached to the main award, crossed swords have been added, passing through the center of the order. Thanks to this, the dignity of the award has increased.

If the second order with a higher degree was not awarded for military merit, the swords were placed at the top of the star and the cross. In 1870, the third of December, this innovation was canceled by Alexander II, and on the seventeenth of February, 1874, the Imperial Crown was abolished as an element enhancing the dignity of the award.

In 1917, the change was made by the provisional government. Two-headed eagles have fallen wings and are not crowned with a crown. And the date of April twenty-fifth was recognized as the annual holiday of the award. In 1957, the Order of St. Stanislaus of the 3rd degree with swords and a bow, which was made from a ribbon of orders, was awarded for military service .

Reward rules

Order of the first degree in the form of a cross is worn on an 11-centimeter ribbon, thrown over the right shoulder. The star must be on the left breast. Order II degree in the form of a cross is worn on a 4.5-centimeter ribbon, on the neck. And the insignia of III century. - in the form of a cross on the shoe, on a 2.6-centimeter tape. Signs of lower degrees of rewards are not worn if the highest degree of the order complains.

The Order of the First Art.

Order of St. Stanislaus 1 degree was made in the form of a cross, which has four separated ends, decorated with golden balls. The award was covered with a red enamel with a double gold border around the edges. The divided ends of the cross connected the precious semicircles in the form of shells. In the corners of the cross there were Russian double-headed eagles made of gold, and in the center - a white medallion (the same was on the reverse side of the award). It was framed by a golden edging. In the middle of the medallion stood the monogram of St. Stanislaus. The cross was glued to the edge of the order ribbon with two white stripes.

Order of the second art.

The Order of St. Stanislaus of the 2 nd degree consisted of the same (but smaller) cross, which was at the award of I st. Wore a token of distinction on the neck. The star, which served as a supplement to the award, was issued only to foreigners. For the Russian subjects, only a cross relied - with an imperial crown and without it.

Order of the third century.

The Order of St. Stanislaus of the 3rd degree was executed in the form of a golden cross. Its design was the same as the I and II degrees. But the cross was the smallest in size. It was worn on a ribbon or on a breast in a buttonhole.

Star of the 1st degree

The star of the Order of St. Stanislaus was always made of silver. She had 8 ends. In the center of the star was a white medallion with a sign of St. Stanislaus, in a gold hoop. The outer side of the hoop had a motto-inscription. It was executed in gold letters on a white background. And separated by a golden flower. The 1st degree star was a green ring. It was framed by a golden rim. On the green background were four precious laurel branches. Each was connected in the center by a golden flower. The star of the 1st degree was worn on the left side of the uniform.

Knights of the Order

The Order of St. Stanislav, first degree, was awarded to Academician Krylov Alexei Nikolayevich for his many years of work. One of his legendary inventions is the destroyer Novik. The Order of St. Stanislaus of the 3rd degree, photo of which is in this article, was handed to Leonid Nikolaevich Gobyato. He was an academician, an artillery inventor and an intrepid warrior. He participated in the creation of a melee weapon - a mortar.

The greatest writer Chekhov was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus of the third degree for public works and guardianship. He built rural schools, arranged sanatoriums for tuberculosis patients and much more. Zoshchenko Mikhail Mikhailovich was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus second degree with bows and swords for courage and courage shown in battles, brilliant command of the company.

The Order of St. Stanislaus of the 3rd degree was received by Academician Pavlov Ivan Petrovich. This award was for him the first state decoration. And this is by no means all the above-mentioned knights of the Order of St. Stanislaus. The list of people who received it is simply huge. Order of the first degree was received by almost 20 000 people, II Art. - almost 92 thousand people, III century. - more than 752 000 people. And during the war with the Japanese, St. Stanislaus received 37475 thousand people.

Privileges of the Order

All those who received the Order of St. Stanislaus had a number of privileges and advantages. Cavaliers of this distinction had the right to special pension payments. To do this, the Treasury each year allocated to 66 thousand rubles. Particular attention was given to the Knights of the Order, whose ranks were no higher than the ninth grade, and if they owned less than a hundred peasants. This happened until Alexander II did not officially abolish serfdom in the country.

Such awardees received additional privileges. For example, they could send daughters between the ages of seven and fourteen to the institute. Those, in turn, having distinguished themselves in their studies and graduated from a higher educational institution, received higher payments from the Chapter than other boarders. And the treasury of the Kavalerka Duma was replenished at the expense of the newly-awarded holders of the orders, which were to make a one-time monetary contribution. The accumulated money was used for various charitable purposes.