Non-opening fruits have a plant ... Non-opening fruits: examples

Seeds and fruits of plants, formed as a result of flowering angiosperms, are striking in their diversity. Dry poppy capsules, juicy tomato berry, fragrant peach drupe ... It is quite difficult to understand such a variety, but it is possible.

What is the fruit?

This generative organ responsible for sexual reproduction is a modified flower of plants consisting of seed and pericarp. It serves as a reliable protection of the seed and in the classical version consists of three layers. For example, the peach and other representatives of the Rosaceae family, the outer one is represented by a leathery film. The middle layer is juicy, sweet and fleshy. And the inner has turned into a bone, safely covering the seed inside. They reliably protect the seeds of plants. The structure of the fruit is interrelated with their functions.

Classification

Fruits are grouped together in several ways. In terms of the number of seeds, they are mono- and multi-seeded. And depending on the structure of the pericarp - dry and juicy. So, peas are a dry multi-seeded bean. A cherry drupe is a fruit juicy and one-seeded.

Juicy fruit

Such a variety is known to everyone due to the valuable taste qualities of the pericarp. Among them are several types. Kostyanka, which got its name due to the presence of a stone, is formed at the plum, cherry, and plum. Tykvina cucumber and pumpkin has a brightly colored outer layer with a characteristic pattern.

Which plants have the fruit "berry"? Gooseberries, black and red currants, blueberries.

But the fruits of the same type have potatoes. His tubers, which are used for food, are confused with fruits very often. The berry is everyone's favorite tomato.

Small nuts of strawberries and strawberries are twisted into a juicy overgrown with a flourish. A typical structure has an apple. His type of fetus is of the same name. Several seeds are surrounded first by filmy chambers, and then by an average juicy layer of pericarp. Outside, they are protected by a leathery outer layer with a bright, well-noticeable color. Apple as a type of fruit can be seen from a pear, quince and mountain ash.

Dry fruits

But representatives of this type are more appreciated for the valuable qualities of seeds than pericarp. It's clear. All three of its layers or densely fused into one, or in themselves are leathery, without valuable nutritional properties. But seeds of dried fruits are a storehouse of vegetable oils, amino acids and vitamins.

There is also a classification, which is based on the ability of the pericarp to revealability.

So, non-opening fruits have a corn plant. The type of its fetus is called a grain. At it all layers of a pericarp fuse with a skin of a seed. Therefore, in fact, no "disclosure" is simply impossible.

But the little strings of a well-known shepherd's bag, like a gate, opens the pericarp. As a result, the septum is no longer protected.

Thus, each dried fruit can be characterized from three positions. One-seed dry non-closing fruit in walnut. The ossified shell protects it sufficiently from any unfavorable environmental conditions.

Dry multi-seed non-opening fruits in plants can not be found often. This is easy to explain. Plants with more seeds are more likely to maintain their species diversity. Therefore, the owners of their fruits without fear "released to freedom." If the seed is one, then it requires more reliable protection. Therefore, it is under the reliable cover of a dense and strong pericarp.

Expanding fruit

Plants with this type of dried fruit are reliably adapted to self-propagation in nature. A capsule of poppy seeds begins to crack when ripened, and seeds without foreign interference fall into the soil. Similarly, the fruit of the violet crackles. Seeds of cabbage and mustard are clearly visible when they open their pods. Similarly, in the soil are all legumes: peas, beans, clover.

Interesting fact. It can not be said that the non-opening fruit has a plant called a mad cucumber. After all, the fruit is juicy. However, when he ripens, he seems to be shooting seeds, sprinkling them around the neighborhood.

Non-opening fruits

Examples of them can be found both in the forest (hazel) and in the field (wheat). In nature, it is easy to notice plants whose dry fruits practically always remain on the shoot. They are non-closing.

The pericarp of such fruits is always closed. Sometimes a person should even make some effort to uncover it. Non-opening fruit has a maple plant. Its seeds are equipped with two blades like wings. From the branch the fruit of the maple (whose name is the lionfish) will come off only when its peduncle becomes dry. Then the wind picks up the seeds, and they circulate in the air like a helicopter.

It is worth saying that the structure of any type of fruit is due to the need to protect the seeds, on the one hand, and spread them on the other. Non-opening fruits have a plant that better performs the function of protection, and spreads the seeds in additional ways. Thus, the winged nut of a birch tree is easily carried by even the smallest wind, and the burdock seeds have special hooks, by means of which they are attached to animal wool or to human clothes. Moving, they spread burdock, without knowing it. So everything in nature is arranged - wisely and without excess.