Nature reserve Crimean: borders, reviews of trips

Wildlife needs protection. In our country there are reserves and protected areas. In such a unique place as Crimea peninsula, there is a natural reserve for a long time. The Crimean peninsula is rich in flora and fauna, minerals, mineral springs - just do not list. In addition, it is a large historical area, attracting poachers and black diggers.

Creation of a reserve

Surrounded almost from all sides by the sea, connected with a large land only by a relatively narrow isthmus, Crimea is a desirable resting place for thousands and thousands of tourists who also pose a threat to the unique nature with relict plants. In order to protect the unique nature of nature in 1923, the first nature reserve was created by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. The Crimean Wildlife Sanctuary of the imperial hunts (the year of establishment - 1913) with small plots on the Great Chuchel mountain was expanded to 16,000 hectares and in the same year to 23,000.

Not only were they shot, but also cultivated

It should be noted that in the Tsarist zakaznik they mainly showed guests brought here, including foreign animals. To the zakaznik, on the personal instructions of the tsar, a beautiful road was laid, which now exists under the name of Romanovskoye highway.

Here the specially created tsarist jaeger service looked after deer and tours, pyrenean goats, mouflons and bison imported from Corsica. The reserve and the reserve are not synonyms, they differ from each other in that in the first under protection are separate species, most often rare or endangered plants and animals.

Soviet times

When the whole territory and everything that exists on it is under the care of the state, it is a nature reserve. The Crimean trustee site immediately got a weather station, a laboratory and a museum. An active research work began here. But the war had nothing to spare: the forest was burned on a plot of 1500 hectares, bison, most of the deer and deer were completely exterminated, the museum and the laboratory were destroyed. But immediately after the liberation of the Crimea from the invaders, in 1944, the Crimean nature reserve began to recover and its territory expanded to 30,300 hectares. In 1949, his branch "Lebyazhyi Ostrovi" was founded. It consists of the northwestern part of the peninsula and 6 islands, on which there are a lot of birds - up to 265 species. Of these, 25 species live permanently on the islands, including swans. During the reign of N. Khrushchev and L. I. Brezhnev, the reserved area was turned into government hunting grounds, visited not only by domestic political bonzes, but also by foreign ones. The status of the reserve was restored in 1991.

Geographical information

What is this territory and what is its size? The total area of 44,175 ha is divided into two parts. The branch "Lebyazhyi Ostrovi" occupies 9,612 ha in the northwestern part of the steppe zone of the peninsula and the share of the water area of the Karkinitsky Gulf, part of the Black Sea, located between the coast of the peninsula and the mainland. The remaining 34 563 hectares are mountain forest and the main part of the reserve. It includes parts of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, the slopes of Inner Mountain and the valley between them. On the reserved part there are Yalta Yayla and Gurzufskaya Yayla, Babugay-yaila and Chatyr-Dag-Yaila. Crimean yajly (summer pastures) are hilly plateaus with peaks. At Chatyr-Dag-Yail are the highest mountains - Roman-Kosh (1545 m) and Bolshoy Chuchel (1387). In this part there are more than 300 mountain keys, the rivers Alma, Kacha and a dozen others.

Animal and plant world of the reserve

We must specify the fact that there is more than one reserve in the Crimea. There are similar structures on the capes of Opuk and Martyan, there are Yalta, Kazantip, Karadag nature reserves, there are "Astana floods" and reserves of the Crimea. On the peninsula there are besides the above-listed objects 30 natural parks and 73 nature reserves. Flora and fauna is so rich that it deserves a separate article. It can only be noted that 1200 species of plants grow here, 29 of which are listed in the Red Book of Europe. The fauna is represented by 200 species (160 birds, 37 mammals) of vertebrates, 30 of which are also in the Red Book. Invertebrates - 8000 species. The distribution of flora and fauna depends on the altitude belts. Here half of the species of the whole flora and fauna of the Crimea is concentrated.

Dimensions are impressive

The boundaries of the Crimean nature reserve, or rather of its mountain-forest part without the "Swan Islands", located in the north-west of the peninsula, can be seen on the attached map-scheme. It is seen that it is the largest in the Crimea.

In addition, he and the oldest. Naturally, after the return of the Crimea to the Russian Federation, the boundaries of all the reserves will change: they will face more ambitious tasks.

Long-awaited and worthy memory

The jubilee anniversary of the Great Victory in the Crimea was met with dignity. Among the many events held in honor of the 70th anniversary of the events, I would like to note one thing - the opening of the monument in the Crimean nature reserve. The Museum of Partisan Glory became the first object of the cultural and historical heritage built in the last year, which the peninsula held as part of the Russian Federation. The museum is located at an altitude of 1300 meters above sea level, on the territory of the Red Stone cordon. It is a tribute to the memory of the partisans, whose numbers were quite considerable. 500 of them gave their lives for the liberation of the Crimea.

Part provided to tourists

The reserve occupies part of the mountains between Yalta and Alushta. Here is the famous "Gazebo of the Winds", from which you can see Ayu-Dag, Gurzuf and Partenid. Here is the Kosmo-Damianovsky Monastery, from which the beginning of Savlukh-Su - one of the famous healing springs of the reserve. There is a fairly large trout farm. Due to a number of reasons, an independent visit to the reserve by tourists is forbidden, entrance only by passes, by prior appointment and accompanied by a guide.

The Crimean nature reserve is experiencing a new life. Alushta, which is the original capital of the forest part of the reserve, occupies a special place in it - here is the management of the reserve, the nature museum and the dendrozoo park. 1600 exhibits of the museum tell about the flora and fauna of the reserve, the history of its creation.

Famous routes

From Alushta, two eco-educational routes for organized visits begin. Crimean nature reserve excursions provides only from this resort town. The first route takes 2 hours. It is planned to visit the Kosmo-Damianovsky Monastery and the trout farm. The monastery is about 160 years old. It is located 22 km from Alushta at an altitude of 750 meters above sea level. This is a working man's monastery, the main courtyard of which is in the township Partenit. The trout farm was built in 1958. Tourists are invited to inspect the scientific laboratory in the open air.

Reserve Crimea

Route number 2 with a length of 60 km is called "Crimea reserved". Within 5 hours tourists will get acquainted and admire the unique charm of this part of the Crimea. An excursion begins in Alushta and ends on the Grusha cordon, the road to which is quite complicated, because it is a serpentine. Part of it is the famous, built in 1913 road, laid by the order of Nicholas II, the so-called Romanovskoe highway, surrounded by stunning wildlife. On the route there are many observation platforms, where stops are provided. In addition to the two objects of the first route, visits to the Chucheli Pass are included, from which the road leads to beech forests and the source of the largest local river Kachi. The next stop is the culmination of the route, "Arbor of the Winds", located at an altitude of 1424 m above sea level. Among many sights below you can see "Artek". Then follows the Nikitsky Pass and the stopping station is the Red Stone cordon.

Reviews

It is impossible to describe the delights of the proposed routes to choose from, they must be seen. We can say that the Crimean nature reserve reviews are most enthusiastic. Even if some defects are specified, the remark ends with exclamations of nature, beauty of unique species, air, amazing combination of sea and mountains.