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National park "Nechkinsky": description, features, interesting facts, fauna and fauna

The National Park "Nechkinsky" is an environmental, ecological and educational and research institution. On its territory are not only natural, but also historical and cultural objects of the Middle Kama. They have a special aesthetic, ecological and recreational value, and are actively used for regulated tourism.

History of the park

An effective way to protect and preserve natural complexes is to organize national parks of a multifunctional activity profile. In 1995, the government of the Udmurt Republic decided on the need to create a park "Nechkinsky".

Currently, on its territory, any activity that could have a negative impact on the objects of the animal and plant life is prohibited. In addition, any construction, including pipelines and highways, is unacceptable.

The national park "Nechkinsky" in Izhevsk sets itself the following goals:

  1. Preservation of unique natural sites, as well as objects of animal and plant life.
  2. Preservation of historical monuments and objects of cultural heritage.
  3. Ecological educational activity.
  4. Creation of optimal conditions for regulated tourism, as well as recreation of the population, familiarization with the historical and cultural heritage.
  5. Introduction of the newest environmental methods.
  6. Restoration of disturbed historical, cultural and natural objects.
  7. Protection, protection and reproduction of flora and fauna.
  8. Implementation of environmental monitoring.

Environmental role

Currently, the national park "Nechkinsky" (Russia) in a huge network of nature conservation areas in Udmurtia is one of the valuable reserves of wildlife. Here are preserved unique massifs of floodplain forests, marsh, lake, river ecosystems, wild animal world, untouched by man, cultural and historical objects. The employees of the park face a difficult task not only to preserve the existing wealth, but also to increase it, since about 70% of the species composition of plants and animals of the entire Udmurt Republic is concentrated in the territory.

Geographical location of the nature conservation area

The National Park "Nechkinsky" is located on the banks of the Votkinsky Reservoir in the middle reaches of the Kama River. It should be noted that the territories of the left and right banks are very different from each other. The left-bank lands are represented by floodplain terraces and floodplains. The Kama region is nothing but a valley with small rivers, beams and ravines.

Kama with the tributary of the Siva are the main rivers of the nature conservation area.

The National Park "Nechkinsky" is located on lands with temperate continental climatic conditions. For the localities is characterized by a long cold winter and warm summer, a very short off-season. July is the warmest month, during this period the average temperature is nineteen degrees. But the coldest time is January, the average temperature is -15 degrees.

Flora

The National Park "Nechkinsky" has a boreal temperate flora, which is characterized by great diversity. Here were found 745 species of vascular plants, of which 82 are rare species, and four are listed in the Red Book. There are also unique plants that were first found during research, growing only in a protected area: an umbilical creeping, a white-legged cauliflower, a field lantern.

The park is dominated by spruce forests. Clean spruce forests are represented by spruce and Siberian spruce. They are found in this territory fragmentarily. As a rule, spruce trees are represented by Siberian fir, pine, birch, linden. Fir-trees are located in ravines and other low-lying reliefs, as well as on the slopping or not flooded flood plains of the Kama.

On the territory of the nature protection zone, 24 fern-shaped plant species, 6 gymnosperms, and 678 angiosperms were recorded.

Park "Nechkinsky" is located at the junction of three climatic zones: forest-steppe, taiga and broad-leaved forests.

Forest Massifs of the Park

Pine forests are very diverse in composition. Pine-trees are quite limited in places of growth. They are in the south of the territory. In the eagle pine forests there are hazel, maple and oak. But cowberry (pine) have chosen the heights. Quite often here there are pine forests and cranberry bilberries.

On the grounds of the park there are several places where fir is dominant. On rich soils grow black alder. In deciduous and broad-leaved forests, oak predominates. Willow thickets predominate in the floodplain of Kama.

In the nature conservation area, you can find absolutely all types of marshes: lowland, transitional and highland. In pine forests and lowlands, sphagnum swamps are very often found .

Equally rich is the aquatic vegetation of the park. It has more than sixty species.

Fauna of the Nečkinsky Park

The fauna of the national park "Nechkinsky" is very diverse. In the local reservoirs there are 38 species of fish, six more species have completely disappeared due to the regulation of the sewage of the Volga and the Kama.

In the Votkinskoe water basin are found Chekhon, roach, ruff, perch, stinging, Volga invader, pike, tulka, bream, burbot, bugler, ide, pike perch. Occasionally, the catch includes sazan, taimen, catfish, char, white-eyed. There are a lot of carp in the reservoirs, but bream dominates everywhere.

At present, fishing is permitted with a license, and, in principle, any citizen can acquire it. Experts believe that amateur fishing has acquired serious proportions and is comparable to the industrial one. The only difference is in the species preferences. The basis of industrial catch is the Chekhon, while fans prefer pike perch, bream and pike.

Variety of wildlife

According to official data, the fauna of the National Park "Nechkinsky" is represented by 213 species of vertebrates (terrestrial) animals. Specialists assume the presence of three more varieties, but so far there is no exact data. In recent decades the desman has completely disappeared. In general, according to experts, lists of animals need serious revision and further refinement.

Based on the materials of the Udmurt University, it can be stated that there are 155 species of birds in the park. These territories fall under the place of nesting. Only thirty species live here permanently, the rest are migratory.

The park is dominated by birds, characteristic of forest and marsh zones. The proportion of steppe birds is quite insignificant.

In the forests there are the following representatives of the fauna: elk, lynx, brown bear, common hedgehog, shrews, forest mouse, beaver, common squirrel, mole, marten, wild boar, ermine, badger, fox, wolf, weasel, otter.

In the park there are more than 2000 invertebrate animals, there are a lot of insects here, which is connected with the presence of floodplain and marshy lands.

Nature Monuments of the National Park "Nechkinsky"

On the territory of the park there are eight natural monuments, which have an important recreational significance. These include the tracts "Galevo" and "Nechkinskoe", the source "Makarovsky", the mouth of the Siva, Lake Zaborne, peat bogs "Kemulskoe" and "Pure-Kostovatovskoe."

Forest plantations along the rivers are of great water conservation importance. All monuments of nature are important for scientific and cognitive activities, and also have a great recreational potential. Interesting is the fact that animals and plants, adapted to this particular place, live on different sites. Together they form unique and unique communities, which nowhere else are found.

Scientific works

The staff of the park conducts active scientific activity both in historical and biological direction. The presence of thirty archaeological monuments commits to their detailed research and certification.

The employees have the following tasks:

  1. A careful study of the fauna and flora of all corners of the park.
  2. Objective assessment of populations of "Red Book" and rare species.
  3. Carrying out important studies in a number of areas.

Scientific works of the national park "Nechkinsky" are of great importance. Among them, a special interest is the chronicle of nature, which has been conducted since 2005. Employees of the scientific department of the protected area regularly publish their works, among which:

  1. Fauna of the bears of the park.
  2. Khokhlatki National Park.
  3. The fauna of beetles dead.
  4. Results of studies of beetles-beetles.

There are a lot of works, they cover the flora and fauna of the park "Nechkinsky". In addition, employees are very active in interacting with many tourist, scientific organizations, museums and print media. Scientific partnership helps to conduct research activities and disseminate the results of work not only in narrow circles of specialists, but also among the broad masses, thereby attracting people, devoting them to the problems of nature.

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