Modern techniques of operative surgery - laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Widely implemented in everyday surgical practice, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently the most popular operation performed on the biliary tract. The undoubted advantages of this surgical method of treatment make it possible to shorten the period of postoperative rehabilitation and accelerate the recovery of the patient. The risk of complications with the timely conduct of such an operation on the gallbladder is much lower than with the use of classical techniques of surgical intervention.

Why is laparoscopic gallbladder surgery so popular?

The statistics show that every year laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed more and more often - unfortunately, the number of patients with acute surgical pathology of the gall bladder is increasing. Such operations are widely used for the treatment of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis arising on its background, regardless of its form. Most modern surgeons believe that this operation on the gallbladder should be carried out in a planned manner to all patients who have found stones that are not amenable to conservative therapy - not diminishing in size or progressing even with the appointment of drugs that dissolve stones.

In spite of the fact that general anesthesia is required to perform such a surgical intervention , this procedure reduces the operation time and significantly reduces the amount of blood loss. A characteristic feature of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is its minimal traumatism, and therefore the recovery of the patient in the postoperative period is greatly facilitated. Laparoscopic surgery requires the use of special expensive equipment, but the impressive results of treatment contribute to the widespread introduction of such interventions.

For the patient, it is important to reduce the time needed for recovery - using this technique, the length of stay in the hospital is reduced several times, and to his usual rhythm of life a person can return much sooner.

Indications and contraindications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

The main obstacle to surgery, as with any endoscopic intervention on the abdominal organs, is peritonitis or the detection of symptoms that indicate the possibility of developing this complication. That is why surgeons say that laparoscopic cholecystectomy should ideally be performed outside the stage of exacerbation of the disease - in this case the risk of purulent complications decreases several times. Unfortunately, with exacerbation of chronic peritonitis complicated by the development of choledocholithiasis or empyema of the gallbladder, the surgeon already has to switch from laparoscopic access to a wide cavity intervention, and in the postoperative period - to carry out long-term treatment and restore the damaged vital functions of the body.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy at present remains the main surgical method for the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, gall bladder polyps - all conditions in which radical removal of this organ of the digestive system is necessary. It should be remembered that this intervention does not require special preoperative preparation of the patient - the routine of laboratory and instrumental examination that is usual in such cases remains unchanged. The result of the treatment is a rapid recovery of the patient after the intervention and a minimal cosmetic defect on the skin of the anterior abdominal wall, which makes this technique so popular.