Military Order of the Second World War. Who was awarded the military orders and medals of the USSR?

The award is one of the forms of encouragement, which is a testament to the recognition of merit. Its main types in Russia are the titles of the Hero of Labor, the Hero of Russia, various other honorary titles, medals and orders, diplomas, certificates of honor, badges, prizes, entry to the Honor Board or the Book of Honor, and the announcement of gratitude, etc. Battle awards ( Orders and medals) among them occupy a very important place.

The role of our country in the Great Patriotic War

The Great Patriotic War was the greatest test for the entire nation of our country. The Armed Forces of the USSR rendered assistance not only to compatriots, but also to other peoples living in Europe, in the liberation from fascist slavery. For this many people received military orders and medals. The Soviet Armed Forces carried out their duty also against the peoples of Asia, enslaved by militaristic Japan, primarily Vietnam, Korea, and China.

How many medals and orders were awarded at this time?

For feats on the front, 11,603 soldiers were awarded the honorary title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Of these, 104 people received it twice, and A.I. Pokryshkin, I.N. Kozhedub and G.K. Zhukov - three times.

10,900 orders were awarded to the ships, units and formations of the Armed Forces. In the USSR, a well-coordinated military economy was also created, the unity of the rear and front was observed. During the war, 12 orders were established, in addition, 25 medals. They were awarded participants in the partisan movement, wars, back workers, underground workers, as well as people's militiamen. In total, more than 7 million people received military orders and medals.

Established medals

Medals that were established for participating in the war are as follows:

- 8 "For defense": Leningrad, Stalingrad, Kiev, Odessa, Sevastopol, the Soviet Arctic, Moscow, the Caucasus;

- 3 "For Liberation": Belgrade, Warsaw, Prague;

- 4 "For the capture": Budapest, Vienna, Koenigsberg and Berlin;

- 2 "For victory": over Japan, over Germany;

- "The Partisan of the Patriotic War";

- "For Valiant Labor in the Second World War";

- "Golden Star";

- "For military merit";

- "For courage";

- Medal of Nakhimov;

- breastplate "Guards".

- Medal Ushakov.

The medal in comparison with the order is a less honorable award.

Order for participation in the Second World War

Unlike a medal, a combat order can have several degrees. For participation in the Second World War they were the following: the Patriotic War, Lenin, Red Star, Red Banner, Nakhimov, Ushakov, Victory, Glory, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Kutuzov, Alexander Nevsky, Suvorov. We will tell you more about all these awards.

Order of the Patriotic War

In 1942, on May 20, a decree was signed on the establishment of this Order of I and II degrees. For the first time in the history of the award system of the USSR, specific feats were listed for which this award was given to representatives of the main military families in our country.

Order of the 1st and 2nd degree could be obtained by the officers of the commander and rank and file of the Navy, the Red Army, and the NKVD troops. In addition, the guerrillas were rewarded, showing courage, steadfastness and courage in battles with the fascists or their actions that contributed in one way or another to the success of the combat operations of Soviet troops. Separately, the right to receive this order was conferred by civilians. They were awarded to them for their contribution to the victory over the enemy.

A combat order of the first degree could be obtained by one who destroyed personally 2 medium or heavy, or 3 light enemy tanks, or 3 medium or heavy, or 5 light weapons; II degree - 1 medium or heavy tank, or 2 light, or 2 medium heavy, or 3 light in the gun crew.

Order of Suvorov

The military orders, which were named in honor of Alexander Nevsky, Kutuzov and Suvorov, were established in the USSR in June 1942. These awards could be received by officers and generals of the Red Army for the skillful leadership of various military operations, as well as for the difference in the battles with the enemy.

The Order of Suvorov I degree was awarded to the commanders of armies and fronts, as well as their deputies, the chiefs of operational directorates and staffs, branches of armies and fronts for a successfully organized and conducted military operation on the front or army scale, as a result of which the enemy was destroyed or crushed. One circumstance was stipulated separately: victory must be won by lesser forces over the enemy, numerically superior, since the Suvorov principle operated, saying that the enemy was being beaten by skill and not by number.

The commander of the brigade, division or corps, as well as his deputy or the chief of staff, for organizing the defeat of the division or corps, the breakdown of the enemy's defensive line with subsequent pursuit and defeat, as well as the organization of a battle conducted In an environment, an exit from it with preservation of fighting capacity of the part, its technics and arms. Also, the commander of the armored unit could be noted for having carried out in the rear of the enemy a deep raid, which dealt him a sensitive blow, which ensured the successful performance of the operation by the army.

The Order of the III degree was intended for rewarding various commanders (the mouth, battalions, regiments). He was awarded for the skillful organization and conduct of the battle that brought victory with less force than the enemy.

Order of Kutuzov

This first-order combat order, designed by the artist Moskalev, could be issued to the army commander, the front, as well as his deputy or the chief of staff, because they had well organized the forced withdrawal of some large formations, together with the counterattacks, The boundaries of their troops with small losses in their composition; As well as for the good organization and conduct of an operation to combat enemy forces that exceed the large ones available at their disposal, and to keep the troops in constant readiness for a decisive offensive against the enemy.

Combat qualities that distinguish the activities of M.I. Kutuzov, were put in the basis of the statute. This is a skillful defense, as well as tactical exhaustion of the enemy with a subsequent resolute counteroffensive.

One of the first to receive this Order of II degree was K.S. Miller - Major-General, commander of the 58th Army, which defended from Malgobek to Mozdok section of the Caucasus Front. Having exhausted the main forces of the enemy, in complex defensive battles his army passed into a counter-offensive and went into the area of Yeisk with battles, breaking the line of defense of the Germans.

Order of Kutuzov III degree was awarded to that officer, who skillfully developed the plan of the battle, thanks to which the good interaction of various arms and the successful outcome of the operation were ensured.

Order of Alexander Nevsky

The architect Telyatnikov won the contest for the drawing of this order. He used in his work a shot from a film called "Alexander Nevsky", released on the screen shortly before that. In the title role starred Nikolai Cherkasov. His profile was depicted on this order. There is a medallion with a portrait in the center of a red star, five-pointed, from which silver rays leave. Ancient Russian attributes of the warrior (quiver with arrows, bow, sword, crossed berdysh) are on the edges.

According to the combat statute, an officer who fought in the ranks of the Red Army was awarded the Order for the initiative shown in choosing a good moment for a bold, sudden and successful attack on the enemy and causing that major defeat. And it was necessary to save significant forces of their troops. This award was awarded for the successful performance of some task in conditions of superiority of the enemy forces. At the same time, it was required to destroy most of its forces or completely destroy it. Also the words "the soldier is rewarded with the order" a man could hear for the command of the aviation, tank, artillery unit, which inflicted heavy damage on the enemy.

In total, this award was given to more than 42,000 soldiers, as well as about 70 foreign officers and generals.

The Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky

The Soviet army in the summer of 1943 was preparing for a responsible operation - the liberation of Ukraine. Poet Bajan, as well as film director Dovzhenko, owns the idea of this award, named after the great Ukrainian commander and statesman. Material for this order of the first degree - gold, the second and third - silver. The statute was approved in 1943, on October 10. This order was given to the commanders and soldiers of the Red Army, as well as to the guerrillas, who showed a difference in the battles during the liberation from the fascist invaders of the Soviet land. In total, they were awarded approximately 8,5 thousand people. The Order of the first degree was awarded to 323 fighters, the second - about 2400, and the third - more than 57. Many military units and units (over a thousand) received it as a collective award.

Order of Glory

Combat orders of the USSR also include the Order of Glory. His project, executed by Moskalev, in 1943, in October, was approved by the commander-in-chief. At the same time, the colors of the ribbon of the Order of Glory, proposed by this artist, were approved. It was orange-black. The ribbon of the Order of St. George - the most honorable in prerevolutionary Russia of the military award - had the same colors.

Three degrees has the Order of Battle Glory. The award of the first degree - gold, and the second and third - silver (central medallion was gilded at the Order of the second degree). This sign could be obtained by the soldier for his personal feat, manifested on the battlefield. The data of the Order were given strictly strictly from the lowest to the highest degree.

To receive this award, one who broke first into the enemy's location, could save the banner of his unit in battle or acquire an enemy; As well as the one who saved the commander in battle, risking his life, shot down a fascist aircraft from a personal weapon (machine gun or rifle) or destroyed personally up to 50 enemy soldiers, etc.

In all, about a million signs of this Order of the third degree were issued during the war years. The award of II degree was received by more than 46 thousand people, and the first - about 2600.

Order "Victory"

This order of the Second World War (combat) was established in 1943, by decree of November 8. The statute said that they were awarded the highest command staff for the successful conduct of military operations (on one or several fronts), as a result of which the situation radically changes in favor of the army of the USSR.

Only 19 people received this order. Twice it was Stalin, and also marshals Vasilevsky and Zhukov. Once they received him Tymoshenko, Govorov, Tolbukhin, Malinovsky, Rokossovsky, Konev, Antonov. Meretskov was awarded this distinction for participating in the war with Japan. In addition, five foreign commanders were noted by him. They are Tito, Rola-Zhimersky, Eisenhower, Montgomery and Mihai.

Order of the Red Banner

The Order was established in 1924, two years after the formation of the USSR. Soldiers of the Soviet Army, civilians and partisans, who were awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Battle (there were about a hundred thousand of them), received it for the deeds committed during the Great Patriotic War. He was awarded for heroic deeds, which were committed with a clear danger to life in a combat situation. The Order of the Battle Banner could also be won by a man for outstanding leadership in the operations of various military formations, formations, units, courage and bravery displayed. He was given out for special courage and courage during the performance of a special assignment. To receive the Order of the Red Banner of Battle was also possible for the courage and bravery shown in ensuring our country's national security, the inviolability of the border in conditions of risk to life. The Order of the Red Banner was issued for the successful military operations of warships, military units, formations and formations that defeated the enemy, despite losses or other unfavorable conditions. They also received a reward either for inflicting a major defeat on the enemy, or if their actions contributed to the success of the USSR troops in carrying out a major operation.

Order of Ushakov

Order Ushakov - the highest in relation to another order, which was awarded to the officers of the fleet - Nakhimova. It has two degrees. The award of the first degree is made of platinum, and the second one is made of gold. The colors of the order ribbon - white and blue, in prerevolutionary Russia were the colors of the St. Andrew's flag (naval). The award was established in 1944, March 3. An order was issued for a successful active operation, as a result of which a victory over an enemy numerically superior was achieved. For example, for a sea battle in which significant enemy forces are destroyed; For the successful amphibious operation, which resulted in the destruction of coastal fortifications and enemy bases; For bold actions carried out on the sea communications of enemy troops, as a result of which valuable transports and warships were sunk. Order Ushakov II degree as a reward was awarded 194 times. 13 ships and parts of the Navy have this sign on their banners.

Order of Nakhimov

Five anchors were a star on the sketch of this order. They were addressed with their stocks to the medallion depicting the admiral in Timm's drawing. This order is divided into two degrees - the first and the second. Materials for manufacturing were gold and silver, respectively. Of the rubies, the stars were made to the first degree of this award. For the tape, the combination of orange and black was chosen. This award was also established in 1944, on March 3.

Order of Lenin and the Red Star

Order of Lenin received more than 36 thousand people for military distinctions, and the Red Star - about 2900. Both of them were established in 1930, April 6.