Making a septic tank for a private house with your own hands

Wishing to fully rest in his country house with his family or friends, the owner must take care of the arrangement of autonomous sewerage. In many areas, the supply of central communications is simply impossible. Therefore, before summer residents there is always the question of the need to recycle waste in an acceptable way.

Earlier, the solution to this problem was the creation of a cesspool. Technologies do not stand still. The septic tanks have improved performance. Today, there are many options for arranging such structures. может быть произведено своими руками. The manufacture of a septic tank can be done by hand. To do this, the owner of suburban real estate should get acquainted with the technology and all the nuances of such work.

general characteristics

Earlier in private and country houses, a cesspool and a summer shower were arranged. All dirty effluents fell directly into the soil. This organization of autonomous sewage system for this reason had many shortcomings. Today, another, more sophisticated system is being applied.

позволяет очистить стоки до того, как они попадут в почву. The production of a septic tank using the new technology allows to purify the drains before they enter the soil. In this case, such a process can occur in a sand-gravel filter, on a special field, a trench or a well. In this case, post-cleaning is carried out mechanically.

Features of the septic design allow it to perform its functions in full. The sewage treatment is carried out in several stages. For this, the septic system has several compartments. They can be underground or on the surface of a site.

, Москве, Санкт-Петербурге и других городах нашей страны выполняется согласно санитарным нормам и правилам. Manufacture of septic tanks in Tyumen , Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities of our country is carried out in accordance with sanitary norms and rules. Three-level cleaning is performed according to the generally accepted principle. First, heavy particles of waste settle on the bottom, and the lungs remain on the surface. Purified water is in the middle. Bacteria within the reservoir also process human waste.

The septic tank is not designed for complete wastewater treatment. It is only able to pre-filter some types of contaminants before further ingress of waste water into the soil or other type of disposal. The owner of a private house can purchase or build a waste collection container on his own.

Types of structures

Septic tanks can be single chamber or multi-chamber. When choosing a design, it is necessary to take into account the amount of household water consumption in the plot. Experts say that the number of cameras plays a secondary role. It is much more important to calculate the period of passage of sewage through the system. The more volume of the septic tank, the longer the water will be inside. Accordingly, the quality of wastewater treatment depends on this.

слишком большого объема может вызвать ряд неприятных последствий. Making a septic tank too large can cause a number of unpleasant consequences. The sediment will fall unevenly to the bottom of the tank. Solid particles from the waste water will settle at the beginning of the septic tank. At the same time, the removal of accumulated waste will be rather complicated. To do this, the septic will require several additional hatches.

In order for the precipitate to fall evenly, a two-vessel design is used. To avoid re-contamination of water, the owners must equip a three-chamber septic tank.

приемлемо лишь при суточном водопотреблении на даче до 1 м³ в день. The production of a single-compartment septic tank in a private house is acceptable only for a daily water consumption at a dacha of up to 1 m³ per day. The hosts stay in their country house in this case very rarely and not for long. One- and two-chamber septic tanks most often do not have a drainage system. Periodically, these containers must be cleaned with a sewage system.

In a multi-chamber septic tank, water will gradually flow over the tanks for 10 days. At the same time, various bacteria will qualitatively process organic waste. Of these systems, it is allowed to drain water even into nearby rivers, reapply for irrigation. Such designs are acceptable for a large house or group of structures in which a large number of people permanently reside.

Principle of operation

которого осуществляется в различных городах нашей страны, может иметь различный принцип функционирования. A modern septic tank, which is produced in various cities of our country, can have a different principle of functioning. There are three main groups of presented designs. The first type of septic tank includes systems with soil filtration. The second group is the storage tanks. The third type includes the most modern devices. This is a sewage system with a deep biological purification.

If the owners of a cottage or a private house live in it year-round, it should be considered as an acceptable option for a septic tank with soil filtration of effluents. Such an aggregate first accumulates waste in itself, and then cleans it. Inside the tank there are special bacteria. Sludge cleaning is rare. The disadvantage of this design is the impossibility of its installation in areas with a frequent rise in the level of groundwater.

, полиэтиленовый или полипропиленовый имеет накопительный тип емкости. Most often, a septic tank made of fiberglass , polyethylene or polypropylene has a storage type of capacity. This design is an improved version of the cesspool. In the septic chamber, sewage is collected. The wastes in them are divided into groups by weight. Organic components are naturally cleaved, and solid particles settle. Such designs withstand high pressures, loads. However, periodically the sediment will need to be cleaned from the container with the help of special equipment.

Autonomous sewerage with a system of deep biological treatment uses several mechanisms during operation. First, settling solid waste. The biological treatment of the liquid is then carried out. To do this, there are anaerobic and aerobic bacteria inside the septic tank.

After this stage, water is subjected to chemical disinfection. After that, it can be used for economic purposes or poured into water. The cost of this equipment is quite high, but when the system is used, no additional costs are required to maintain the structure.

Material selection

For the manufacture of septic tanks, materials such as reinforced concrete, plastic, fiberglass, brick, and monolithic concrete can be used.

и пластика. Today , septic tanks made of fiberglass and plastic are very popular. These are ready-made containers that need only be installed in a prepared pit and connected to communications. These are durable, reliable designs. Due to the fact that the plastic is a material subjected to ground pressure, a reinforced concrete bunker is installed above such structures.

Glass fiber plastic containers are more resistant. They are less prone to pressure on the walls. Today, storage tanks made of fiberglass are manufactured in such areas as Ekaterinburg, and also Prim. The edge (Yaroslavka). из этого материала находится также в Санкт-Петербурге. The plant for the production of septic tanks from this material is also located in St. Petersburg.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are preferable when creating a single-chamber septic tank. The design is characterized by increased strength, durability. Construct such a septic tank is quick and easy. It will take only one day to install and connect the system. Also very quickly the construction of a septic tank made of bricks is carried out.

If on the site it is planned to create a two-chamber septic tank, it will be cheaper and easier to choose monolithic concrete. Brick structures are also allowed to be created in this case. In this case, two separate wells are being built.

Taking into account the geological features of the site

, Екатеринбурге, Москве и прочих городах нашей страны должно выполняться с учетом геологических особенностей местности. The manufacturing of septic tanks in Tyumen , Yekaterinburg, Moscow and other cities of our country should be carried out taking into account the geological features of the area. This will depend on the reliability and longevity of the system. Each type of material, from which a septic tank is made, differs in a limited field of application. Therefore, when selecting, it is necessary to consider for which type of terrain the design is intended.

Sandy soils are best for setting up different types of septic tanks. In such conditions it is allowed to use practically any materials. The most commonly used concrete, reinforced concrete, brick and some improvised means. There are septic tanks, the walls of which are made of old tires, stainless barrels, etc. Homemade concrete, reinforced concrete structures are also suitable for soils with high water transmittance.

If the soil is clay, you should purchase storage structures or biological treatment stations. , полипропилена в этом случае будет предпочтительнее. Manufacture of septic tanks from fiberglass , polypropylene in this case will be preferable. Sealed containers will not allow the liquid to enter the soil. Otherwise, there is a danger of swamping the terrain.

In addition to the type of soil, it is necessary to take into account the level of occurrence of groundwater. If they are close to the surface or often rise, for example, during a period of melting snow or precipitation of a large amount of precipitation, it is better not to use a septic tank with a system of ground after-treatment. In this case, the best option will be a plastic storage capacity or a biological purification design.

Select a manufacturer

Wanting to purchase a septic tank, the owner of a private house should consider the popular models of designs presented today in the market of sanitary equipment. There are both foreign and domestic products. The latter option is preferable, since the quality of Russian septic tanks is not inferior to imported analogues, and their cost is much lower.

сегодня представляют несколько популярных отечественных компаний. Capacities, as well as components for the manufacture of septic tanks today are represented by several popular domestic companies. These include items such as Tank, Triton, Topas, Topol and Tver. These are the most popular models, the cost of which ranges from 60 to 150 thousand rubles. The price depends on the complexity and volume of the structure, as well as the manufacturer.

The presented equipment is of high quality. It corresponds to sanitary and hygienic standards. However, not every owner of suburban real estate can afford such constructions. In this case, you can consider alternative septic tanks. Their popularity is only gaining momentum.

For example, it can be considered as a worthy variant of a container made of fiberglass, which produces Prim. The edge (Yaroslavka). построен здесь недавно. The plant for manufacturing septic tanks is built here recently. But the quality of this manufacturer's products is at a high level. Also, the septic "Beaver" deserves attention. Its cost will be less than that of the leading brands.

Find the best option for your summer cottage will help a detailed consideration of popular and promising models of equipment for the arrangement of autonomous sewerage.

Popular Models

The leaders of sales today are septic tanks "Topas" and "Tank". Features of the presented systems should be learned by the owners of a private house before buying expensive equipment.

без дна станет хорошей альтернативой обустройства выгребной ямы. Some builders argue that the manufacture of concrete septic tanks without a bottom will be a good alternative to the construction of a cesspool. However, this is not the case. A decent option in this case will be the construction of a storage type septic tank . One of the best devices for autonomous sewerage is the "Topas" model. The cost of such a septic tank, depending on the volume and type of construction, ranges from 70 to 135 thousand rubles.

"Topas" allows you to avoid the appearance of an unpleasant smell on the site, and also ensures the cleaning of high quality wastewater. можно производить при помощи этой модели. Manufacture of a septic tank with your own hands can be done with this model.

The "Tank" system is a completely autonomous sewage system for country cottages and cottages. The container is a strong propylene structure. The thickness of the walls is 10 mm, and on the edges - 17 mm. This is a three-chamber septic tank with a powerful eco-filter inside. Solid waste is pumped out of the container only once a year. This is possible due to the special design of the equipment presented.

Assembly of the "Tank" construction is carried out with the help of a certain number of modules. This allows you to create the optimum volume inside the tanks. This is a non-volatile system, the liquid overflow inside which is performed due to the correct organization of internal pipes.

Alternative Models

There are many alternative models of the presented equipment, which will have a lower cost. The quality of septic tanks in developing enterprises can be quite high.

You can also consider options for equipment from less popular types of material. For example, it can be the manufacture of septic tanks made of metal. Москве существуют компании, специализирующиеся на производстве подобного оборудования. In St. Petersburg, Moscow, there are companies specializing in the production of such equipment.

The septic tanks of Yaroslavsky color are famous for their high quality. Their models of "Dochista" and purification stations of "Dochista Profi" are just gaining popularity. However, the glass fiber reinforced plastic containers that this manufacturer represents on the market are characterized by high performance and reliability.

It also becomes popular to use septic tanks "Beaver". This equipment is distinguished by an acceptable price. Installation on a turnkey basis will cost the owner of suburban real estate about 60-70 thousand rubles.

выполняется в соответствии с новыми технологическими разработками. The production of the septic "Beaver" is carried out in accordance with new technological developments. The advantage of such a system is the need for maintenance every 7-10 years. This was achieved thanks to special constructive solutions in the development of the presented model. With a complete set of septicles, "Beaver" has 6 degrees of purification. Due to this, purified water can be used to irrigate plants and trees on the site.

Homemade septic tank

If you buy a ready system for the owners of the cottage house is expensive, you can arrange a self-made septic tank on the site . To do this, you need to calculate the correct volume of containers, and also to think over the design of the system. The volume of the system should be 3 times the water consumption in the house. At the same time, there must always be water inside the septic tank.

If the septic tank consists of two chambers, the first one must be larger. Its volume is 75% in the total capacity of the system. If the cleaner is three-chambered, the first capacity should be 50% of the system, and the next two should be 25% each. If the owners choose a system consisting of concrete rings, the volume of each section will be the same.

Next, you need to think about the location of the septic tank on the site. According to regulatory requirements, it should be at a distance of at least 5 m from the house and 30 m from the well (well). The best place for such purposes is an elevated place on the site. This avoids the ingress of melt water or precipitation into the septic tank.

Sewer pipes should be brought to the system at a small angle. They should not have bends, otherwise clog will form over time. Planning of the system of autonomous sewerage is carried out at the design stage of the building. It is necessary to clearly relate the location of communications inside the house in order to properly equip the septic tank.

After designing, you need to purchase the right amount of materials. предполагает приобрести около 9 таких элементов конструкции. The manufacture of septic tanks from concrete rings involves the purchase of about 9 such structural elements. It also requires 3 covers for hatches (according to the number of holes).

Arrangement of the system

After the preparatory work is done, it is possible to start creating an autonomous sewage system. из старых покрышек большого диаметра. There are methods according to which the septic rings are manufactured from old large diameter tires. However, concrete structures are considered more durable.

When constructing a septic tank, it is necessary to dig 3 wells in diameter about 2.5-2.8 m in diameter (slightly larger than the diameter of the rings). Their depth should be 3 m. On the bottom of the first two wells it is necessary to pour a concrete base. The hoisting crane rings are installed in the wells. In each pit, you need to put 3 pcs. Rings (one on another). To do this in advance, you need to think over the travel of equipment to the place of work.

The joints are filled with liquid glass. Some owners treat the walls of the wells with bitumen. Qualitative isolation of the elements of the system is an important stage in the performance of the work.

Further, the space from the walls of the pit to the rings remains buried. The bottom of the third well should be laid with a filter base. It could be gravel. If water flows into the reservoir, the bottom of the third well must always be filled with a chlorine cartridge. Also, it is necessary to provide for the presence of special bacteria inside the septic tank.

In order for water to pass through the tanks without hindrance, it is necessary to bring the pipe to the first well under a slight inclination. Next, you need to connect the first and second container. To do this, the sewer pipe should be 20 cm lower than the input communications. The third well without a cement base must also be connected to the second reservoir. This pipe will be 20 cm lower than the previous communications.

, каждый владелец собственного дома сможет выбрать для себя оптимальный тип системы. Having considered the principles according to which the septic is being manufactured , each owner of his own house will be able to choose the optimal type of system for himself. This will allow to organize an autonomous sewage system as correctly as possible. Fulfilling all the recommendations of professional builders, as well as adhering to sanitary and hygienic standards, everyone will be able to equip the construction not only durable, but also effective.