International credit - its forms and role in the development of the global market.

International credit is the movement of borrowed capital beyond the national borders of countries between subjects of international economic activity associated with the temporary transfer of commodity currency values on terms of repayment, urgency and interest payment. International credit ensures the transfer of surplus capital, which benefits both sides. With the development of foreign economic relations, the role of international credit is growing all the time, contributing to the economic development and development of the global trading market.

International credit - modern types and forms.

The most common forms of international credit are commodity (also commercial) and foreign currency loans.

An international commercial loan is issued to pay for goods or services and is most often strictly targeted. Most often, it is implemented as a deferral of payment of the exporting firm to the importer firm. Such loans can have a term of 2 to 7 years and are determined by the attractiveness of cooperation with a particular firm with its reliability and the level of interest of the lender in international relations with the borrower. Most often it is issued in the form of an open account or a bill. One of the most common forms of commercial credit is leasing - leasing certain assets (fixed assets) on terms of subsequent repurchase. This kind of lending is especially important for developing countries, as it reduces the outflow of currency from the country and reduces the balance of payments deficit. In addition, thus, developing countries gain access to new technologies, too expensive for their own development.

The bank international financial credit of the importer and exporter is realized in the form of debt secured by goods and commodity documents, in rare cases without collateral through a guarantor. Thus, the bank acts as a guarantor of the transaction in the event that one of the parties can not provide material security on the date of the transaction. For its services the bank receives a certain commission, at the same time it can also provide currency services.

Bond international loan is one of the most common types of international credit. Used to obtain long-term loans from international or national market capital. The issue and placement of such a loan is carried out by the bank's manager, led by a manager who acts as a lender's counterparty and is responsible for its organization and distribution. International public credit is a form of lending designed to provide financial assistance to developing countries, as well as countries that have a budget deficit. The most authoritative in this sphere of crediting are specially created for this purpose international currency funds, banks and organizations. They accumulate large financial resources and, under certain conditions, lend to their needy states. The most famous organizations specializing in international financial credit are the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank for Reconstruction and Development and regional development banks. They allocate financial assistance on the basis of urgency and repayment, also receiving the opportunity to influence political and economic processes within the credited state.

Also, in certain cases, there is an international targeted loan aimed at financing certain programs.

An international financial loan can be issued both in the currency of the importer or exporter, in the currency of the third country, as well as in any generally recognized collective currency.