Intention is ... Communicative intention

Preparing for the speech at the meeting or planning to write a book or just talk with your friend about something important, we are thinking about the purpose of the action and the ways to achieve it. A conceived plan or desire for the desired is called intention. It can be expressed consciously, or it can hide in the depths of the unconscious, manifesting itself in the attraction to a particular area.

Birth of the concept

The intonation included the main theses from scholasticism, which shared the mental (intentional) existence of the subject and the real. In the Middle Ages it was believed that there can be no cognition of the subject without interference in it. The nature of the intention was discussed by Thomas Aquinas. He talked about the formation of intention by reason with respect to an understanding object. In the XIX century, with the light hand of the psychologist F. Brentano, the concept acquired a new life. He believed that consciousness is intentional, that is, directed at what is outside of himself. In other words, the concept brings meaning to consciousness. Scientists A. Meinong and E. Husserl developed in their scientific works different approaches to determining intentions, which later had a significant impact on a number of areas in psychology (gestalt psychology, personalism, and so on). Another philosopher, M. Heidegger , united care and intentionality, believing that there was an inner connection between them. He argued that "man in his being is a being that cares about being." If a person fails in his "being", then he loses his opportunities.

Intention is what?

There are several meanings of the term "intention". The first explains it as "the focus of consciousness on the subject." Intentional can include cognitive, emotional, motivational and other mental processes, since the attitude and feelings towards the subject may be different. The object of intention can actually exist, and can be invented, sensible or absurd. The second interpretation of the concept of "intentions" is presented as a "focus on the goal" or the target design of the action.

Intent in Psychology

In this science, the term refers to the inner direction of consciousness to a real or fictitious subject, as well as the structure that gives meaning to experiences. Intensity is the ability of an individual to have intentions, the ability to participate in the events of the day, changing himself. One of the sides of the concept is the ability to perceive an object from different sides, depending on the intended meaning. For example, considering a property as a summer vacation destination for a family, a person will carefully familiarize himself with such issues as comfort, equipment, leisure in the territory. If the same property will be bought by the same person, he will first of all pay attention to the ratio of the price to the quality of the home. Intention is the birth of a close connection with the outside world. In difficult situations, people have learned to weaken the relationship until they are ready to understand the situation.

Psychotherapeutic reception of V. Frankl

Intensity in psychology is represented by a method, the essence of which consists in playing a person of his fear or neurosis in a critical situation. The reception was developed by the psychologist V. Frankl in 1927 and is still successfully applied in practice. The method is called a paradoxical intention. As an example, the life of the spouses can be brought, which often find out the relationship. The therapist suggests that they quarrel as loudly and emotionally as possible, thereby making the unpleasant situation controllable. Another example: a schoolboy is afraid to make a report and embraces a shiver. Within the framework of this method, he is invited to start trembling himself, thereby removing the tension that has arisen. The method of paradoxical intention can lead to two results: the action or situation ceases to be painful and uncontrollable, or by switching attention to arbitrary reproduction of experiences weakens their negative influence.

The essence of the psychotherapeutic method

Paradoxical intention as a mechanism of action considers the process of self-alienation, which allows a person to get out of an unpleasant situation. The reception is built on the desire of the person himself to carry out or that someone has committed (with phobia) what he fears. The method of paradoxical intention is actively used in psychotherapy. Especially it is effective at merging with humor. Fear is the biological reaction of an organism to dangerous situations, and if the person himself will seek them and can act in spite of fear, negative feelings will soon disappear.

Desire to speak out

In linguistics, intention is the initial stage of the birth of a statement, followed by a motive, internal pronunciation and speech. With the concept under consideration, specifically communicative meanings are associated, which are expressed in the process of communication. Speech intension (in the broad sense) is the fusion of need, purpose and motive together, which is formed in the message through the use of communication tools. In a narrower sense, the term is considered as an effective purpose and merges with the concept of an illocutionary act. Doctor of Philology N.I. Formanovskaya considers the intention as a plan to build a speech in a certain key, form, style.

The difficulty in researching this term lies in the uniqueness of the object of the experiment, with often blurred communicative intentions. Speech messages are always connected with various extralinguistic events, so any, even simple, utterance is multidimensional. Speeches have strong-willed attitude and affect the addressee. There is the concept of verbal intent of disapproval, which is an integral part of communication. This is a negative manifestation, which can translate the conversation into a conflictual channel.

The meaning of voice messages. Types of intentions

To find out the purpose of the addressee's statement is necessary taking into account the interlocutors' interrelations. There are various typologies of illocutionary purposes. For example, Professor EA Krasina developed the following provisions:

1. The assertive goal is expressed in the urge to "tell how things are". The most frequently used statements are "I report", "I admit" and others.
2. The commission carries with it the task of "obliging the speaker to do something." In this case, often say "I promise", "guarantee" and so on.
3. A prescriptive goal involves trying to "force someone else to do something." To this type are the statements "I ask", "I recommend", "I order" and others.
4. Declarative is the task of "changing the world." Often used statements of recognition, condemnation, forgiveness, naming.
5. The expressive goal tends to "express feelings or attitudes about the state of affairs." In this case, the verbs "I'm sorry", "I'm sorry", "I welcome" and so on.

Some psychologists and philologists distinguish between two types of intentions. The first personifies the orientation of the human consciousness to the surrounding reality with the purpose of accepting, knowing, explaining. This kind of phenomenon is called cognitive. Communicative intention is the direction of consciousness to achieve the intended goal, for the sake of which a person enters or leaves the conversation.

Text and intent

When writing books or articles, the writer relies on a general concept, which he himself defined. The idea of the work is called "author's intention". The union of verbal and authorial intentions expresses the worldview of the writer. For its designation, such concepts as the picture and model of the world, the concept, the point of view, the image of the author, the text modality and so on are used. For example, the image of a writer is formed from his opinion about certain areas of life, the image of the narrator and the characters, and also from the compositional and linguistic structure of the text. The author's attitude to the objects, his perception of the surrounding people and events form a "model of the world", which does not reflect the objective events. Therefore, we can conclude that the writer's view remains unchanged and considers the actions in the work only on one side. The reader also has his own view of the author's work.

Summarizing knowledge

For the whole person is characterized by an individual attitude toward the world, the initial components of which are the experience of their situation, the reflection of the emotions in the corresponding images, and the birth of a program aimed at the preservation and development of man. For the successful fulfillment of the personal plan, the desire, the intention of the individual is necessary. The focus on results, the analysis of necessary actions are the main steps in achieving the desired. And the opportunity to reformulate their attitude to the problem situation opens the door to a quiet and successful life.