Hyperkinesis is what? Types of disease, treatment. Hyperkinesis in children

Hyperkinesis is a very serious disease that manifests itself in the form of spontaneous tics, movements and convulsions of certain muscle groups that a person can not control. There are many varieties of states represented. In spite of that, it is unlikely that the pathology will be completely cured, the therapy should be performed to facilitate the patient's life.

Characteristics of pathology

It should be noted that hyperkinesis is twitching not only the hands and feet, but also the shoulders, eyelids, muscles of the face and the whole body in the complex. The peculiarity of the disease is that it can significantly restrict the movement of a person, break his gait, make self-service impossible.

Spontaneous movements are usually unnatural. The disease can be congenital or acquired. The focus of the lesion is the thalamus, cerebellum, middle brain. Movement can also occur due to a poor connection between the cortex and the subcortex of the brain. It should be noted that manifestations of pathology are amplified by an emotional outburst, while in sleep the intensity of movements is inhibited. And the symptomatology of the disease does not depend on the localization of the process. That is, even if the same area of the brain is affected, the symptoms may be different. As for the degree of severity of the pathology, it depends on how vast the affected area is.

Causes of the disease

Hyperkinesis is a complex pathology that can be provoked by a variety of factors. Among the causes of the disease can be identified as follows:

- organic and tumor lesions of the brain;

- encephalitis (rheumatic, epidemic, tick-borne);

- head injury;

- severe intoxication of the body and damage to its systems (lymphatic, vascular);

- hemorrhages in the brain;

- epilepsy;

- heredity;

- medical preparations.

Hyperkinesis is a disease that in some cases arises from the malfunctioning of the peripheral nervous system.

Symptomatic of hyperkinesia

In principle, it is more than obvious. Although each species of this disease has its own specific features. However, there are general symptoms:

- voluntary movements of the hands, legs or other parts of the body;

- during walking, other movement, emotional or nervous tension manifestations of pathology are amplified;

- pronounced trembling of the body or its parts;

- there is the possibility of reducing the intensity or complete cessation of an attack through painful sensations, changing the posture;

- absence of cramps, tics and trembling during rest (sleep).

If the diagnosis is "hyperkinesis," the symptoms will help determine its type and prescribe appropriate therapy.

Features of development of pathology in children

The child is most often diagnosed with teak hyperkinesis. Naturally, its manifestations can be different. It should be noted that the movements of parts of the body during an attack do not differ in any unnaturalness, but their peculiarity is involuntary. The most common form of pathology is the tick of the facial muscles, which manifests itself in frequent flashing of the eyelids, sniffing, smacking and the appearance of a grin.

No less often, hyperkinesis in children is manifested by the ticks of the hands and feet. Sometimes pathology can manifest itself in a complex way in the uncontrolled involuntary movement of muscles throughout the body.

The cause of the disease in children can also be brain damage. However, infectious processes in the body, fright, nervous tension, emotional, psychological or physical trauma are also not excluded. It should be noted that those movements that the child repeats too often, even if they are involuntary, soon become a habit and can manifest themselves already in adulthood. Naturally, pathology requires a serious intervention of pediatricians, neurologists, psychologists.

Hyperkinesis in children should be treated after the appearance of the first symptoms. To do this, doctors can prescribe sedatives. In addition, the child should be protected from stress, nervous situations. Try to walk as much as possible with him in the open air, observe the regime of the day. Organize your baby a full meal. Do not scold, punish or shame the baby because of his problem. Try to have patience and surround him with love, care and support.

Diagnosis of pathology

In order to find out what type of hyperkinesia you are dealing with, you need to undergo a comprehensive examination, which includes the passage of such procedures:

- electrocardiogram;

- Ultrasound of all major and other large blood vessels, capillaroscopy;

- Neurological and somatic examination;

- electroencephalogram;

- examination of a psychologist using various diagnostic techniques;

- consultation of a rehabilitologist, who will determine how much the vascular system is ready to adapt to emotional and physical stress.

Types of hyperkinesis

There are many types of involuntary movements that are classified by the localization of the lesion, clinical manifestations, the duration of seizures, their frequency, emotional support. There are several large groups of hyperkinesia, which, in turn, can be divided into subspecies:

1. Tics. They are characterized by involuntary and stereotyped movements, which are not unnatural. Strengthening of a tick occurs owing to emotional excitement. After distraction of attention from the stimulus, the attack disappears.

2. Tremor. It is characterized by the trembling of the whole body or its parts. Most often, the disease manifests itself in small movements of the head, hands and fingers.

3. Choreic hyperkinesis. It manifests itself in the fact that the person's legs and arms are twitching simultaneously, and the movements are very impetuous, chaotic. Poses are not natural. Provoke this situation may rheumatism, as well as hereditary-degenerative pathologies.

4. Facial blepharospasm, paraspasm and hemispasm. This type of pathology is represented by smooth or sharp twitches of facial muscles.

5. Torsional spasm. Movement with it are arrhythmic, tonic, unnatural. In this case, a person has a restriction in movement and self-service.

These types of hyperkinesis are basic and can be divided into many subspecies.

Treatment of pathology

Elimination of pathology is made with the help of medicines and physiotherapy procedures. With regard to drugs, the most commonly used drugs are "Phenazepam", "Romparkin", "Triftazin", "Dinezin", "Haloperidol." Naturally, we also need drugs that will promote normal blood circulation and nourishment of the brain.

An important element of treatment is a diet that should include vegetables, fruits, meat, fish and other foods filled with important elements for the body. The patient should take a relaxing bath, go through the complexes of therapeutic physical training. In addition, orthopedic services may be required.

In particularly severe cases, surgical intervention is used.

Forecast

If you are diagnosed with hyperkinesis, treatment should be done with courses with breaks between them. As for any forecasts, with appropriate therapy the patient can lead a quite normal life. Properly prescribed drugs help reduce the number and intensity of seizures. Although not always the disease can be eliminated completely.