How the fern reproduces. How the ferns of Vyatka forests multiply

Fern. To this plant, popular rumor ascribes magical power. It is believed that once a year, the night of Ivan Kupala, you can see how this plant blooms. Well, if you manage to find and tear off the flower of the fern - you will understand the language of the animals and birds, you will have the ability to clairvoyance and find out where the treasures are buried.

Much to our regret, the blossoming of a fern is possible only in legends and fairy tales. In fact ferns reproduce by spores and never bloom. Unless our genetic scientists can cross a rose or another flower with a fern and bring out a new sort of plant already endowed with the ability to blossom. That's when the prophecy will be fulfilled exactly - a person will really understand the language of plants, and he will find the greatest treasure in value. Actually, it was not necessary to look for him. The treasure is buried in ourselves - it is knowledge and the desire of mankind to know the laws of nature and being.

Fern - the oldest plant on the planet

Ferns on Earth existed another 40 million years ago. Of course, initially they were very different from the evolved specimens that are now growing on our blue planet. The ancient ferns were giant in size and looked more like trees than plants. But even now the species that we call ferns are so diverse that only the shape of the leaf and the way of reproduction are related to them. In our time, botanists have more than 10 thousand species of this exotic plant.

The range of growth of ferns is huge. Most species prefer forests and swampy terrain. Some species of plants are found high in the mountains, where they cling to their roots for crevices of rocks. There are ferns that can survive in waterless deserts.

There are also those that grow right on the trees. For such a long period of existence, the plant has adapted to life in the most extreme conditions.

How does the plant multiply in nature

To find out how the fern reproduces, it is necessary to examine its leaf under a microscope.

If you look closely, at the bottom of the sheet you can see the dark-colored bumps located in rows. In them there are small bags in which ripening spores. With the help of a dispute, this plant, which has been preserved since ancient times, multiplies. Now you know how the fern reproduces. It is impossible to see this plant, which produces the flower-stem, in nature - this only exists in folk tales.

Ferns bracken

The name "eagle" in this species of ferns was not accidental - its leaves are too much like huge eagle wings. The leaves of the eagle can reach up to 1.5 m in width and up to 1 m in height. The plant has medicinal substances for health - it contains catechins, flavonoids, phytosterols, carotene, riboflavin and nicotinic acid. Therefore, it is widely used in cooking and pharmaceuticals.

Do you want to know how the fern grows to grow it? The easiest way to do this is by vegetative means - digging up or acquiring a plant along with thin cord-like rhizomes. For transplantation, early spring is most favorable, but a fern transplanted at the end of summer can also get along well.

Also fern sprouts reproduce by spores. Their ripening is at the end of July beginning of September. In this period of time, you can try to trash spores from an adult plant and disperse them in a wet place on your site.

The fern of the eagle is unpretentious in the care - does not require feeding, it easily tolerates frost and lack of moisture.

Knowing how the fern sprouts, it can easily be grown on your garden plot. The plant is very decorative, unpretentious and has the ability to grow rapidly, which conquered the hearts of flower growers.

How the ferns of Vyatka forests multiply

Vyatka forests. The nature here is so pristine and poorly understood, that, according to local residents, there is a "snowman" here. Especially attractive is the left bank of the Vyatka River, which is not affected by agricultural farming , where the whole territory is occupied by floodplain meadows and forests. The grass cover of this plot of land is multi-tiered and quite diverse. Not the last place in it belongs to ferns.

Most often in the Vyatka forests there are such kinds of fern as a scabbard, a nomad and an ordinary eagle.

Whole fern spruce fires occur on the land with constantly moist soil. It's amazing how the ferns of the Vyatka forests multiply: openwork fern leaves are attached to the fir grove and grow without touching the ground. This spectacle is especially beautiful in the autumn, when the leaves of the fern turn yellow and against the background of green firs form a fancy lace woven by nature.

Methods of reproduction of fern-like

Ferns are not only ferns. In this group of plants are also horsetail and mushroom-shaped species. Outwardly they differ significantly from each other, but all have vegetative organs: shoot (leaves and stem) and root. They are united also by the fact that ferns, horsetails and mice multiply vegetatively, spores and sexually.

If propagation by the vegetative method and spores is well known and understandable, the sexual mode of plant reproduction is not known to everyone. The development of ferns occurs along a cycle: from the sexual generation, asexual grows, which in turn gives birth to the sex generation.

The half-aisled generation is a powerful plant with developed pinnate leaves, and the sexual one is small sprouts that exist only for a short time. Plown and horsetail breeds in the same way as the fern breeds: asexually and hollowly.

Asexual generation of ferns

Ferns are the highest spore plants, growing mainly in moist shaded areas. They have leaves, stems and roots. In the stems of ferns, horsetails and plaunts there is a special conducting tissue resembling vessels.

An inferior generation - when the sporophyte is a leafy plant, in which spores form in special organs located on leaves (sporangia). In plauna and horsetail, spores mature in distinctive spikelets formed at the tips of shoots, in ferns - in sacs located on the reverse side of the leaf.

Sexual fern generation

Once in favorable conditions, the spores grow and form a small one - a small plant that represents the sex generation, the so-called gametophyte. The gland looks like a small green plate, reaching 1 cm in diameter. In the lower part of the sprout there are rhizoids, with the help of which a tiny plant is attached to the soil. In the sprouting female and male genital organs (archegonia and antheridia) are formed, in which eggs and spermatozoa develop. As the knot is pressed tightly to the ground, drops of dew or rain linger under it. On this water spermatozoa "swim" to the eggs. When they merge, fertilization takes place, and a new plant develops from the resulting zygote, which immediately grows, becoming a powerful fern.