Education, History
Full Georgievsky cavaliers - the list. Semen Mikhailovich Budyonny, Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev, Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky
St. George ribbon, which in 19 - the beginning of the 20th century was fastened with a cross with the image of a saint, has for many decades symbolized the victory of our country in the Great Patriotic War. It is also a link between the heroes of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.
Full Georgievsky knights in our country enjoyed universal honor even in the twenties and forties, when people wanted to erase everything that was before the October Revolution from the people's memory. Among them there are those who later became the Hero of the Soviet Union, including repeatedly.
Prehistory
The Order of St. George appeared in the list of awards of the Russian Empire in 1769. He had 4 degrees of distinction and was intended for officers. Full knights of the Order of St. George became only 4 people:
- M.I. Kutuzov;
- M.B. Barclay de Tolly;
- I.F. Paskevich-Erivan;
- I.I. Dibich-Zabalkansky.
Institution
At the moment it is not known who initiated the establishment of the Military Order Badge or, as it was more often called, the St. George cross. According to the surviving documents, in 1807 a note was written in the name of Alexander I, in which it was proposed to establish a soldier's award. It was to become "a special department of the Order of St. George." The idea was approved, and at the beginning of February 1807 a corresponding manifesto was issued.
There are many cases of confusion, connected with the fact that the order is confused with the soldier's Egoriy. For example, if it is asserted that Colonel Zorya Lev Ivanovich, a full Georgievsky gentleman who graduated from the Junker school in 1881, then you can immediately object that this is a mistake. After all, among the officers there was no one rewarded with such a cross repeatedly, and the last who had the order of all 4 degrees - II. Dibich-Zabaikalsky - died as far back as 1831.
Description
The award is a cross, the blades of which expanded to the end. In its center is a round medallion. On the obverse was depicted St.. George with a spear, striking a snake. On the reverse of the medallion there are the letters C and G, connected in the form of a monogram.
The cross was worn on everything today by a well-known ribbon of "the color of smoke and flame" (black and orange).
Since 1856, the award has become 4 degrees. The first and the second were made of gold, and the other two were made of silver. On the reverse, the degree of the award and its ordinal number were indicated.
There were also special "Muslim" Badges of the Military Order. On them instead of the Christian saint was depicted the Russian coat of arms. It is interesting that people from the North Caucasus, when rewarding "Egoriy", demanded to give them a variant "with a jigit," instead of the prescribed one.
In 1915, due to the difficulties caused by the war, crosses of the 1 st and 2 nd degrees were made from an alloy that was 60% gold, 39.5% silver, and half a percent copper. In this case, the signs of the third and fourth degrees were not subjected to change.
Awarded
The first St. George cross in the summer of 1807 was received by non-commissioned officer EI. Mitrokhin. He was awarded for bravery in the battle with the French under Friedland.
Cases of awarding and civilians are known. So, in 1810 Georgievsky cross was handed over to the philistine MA. Gerasimov. Together with his comrades, this brave man arrested the British military men who captured the Russian merchant ship, and was able to bring the ship to the port of Varde. There the prisoners were interned, and the merchants were helped. In addition, for heroism in the Patriotic War of 1812, Georgievsky crosses without numbers were given to commanders of partisan detachments from among the civilians of the lower class.
Among other interesting facts related to the awarding of the St. George Cross, one can mention his handing over to the famous General Miloradovich. This brave military commander in the battle of Leipzig, in front of Alexander I, joined the ranks with the soldiers and led them into a bayonet attack, for which he received from the hands of the emperor Egoria, who did not rely on him for his status.
Full Cavaliers
The four-step cross lasted 57 years. Over the years, about 2,000 people got into the full St. George's Cavaliers (list). In addition, about 7,000 were awarded with the crosses of the second, third and fourth degrees, the third and the fourth - approximately 25,000, and the fourth degree - 205,336.
At the time of the October Revolution, several hundred full Georgievsky knights lived in Russia. Many of them joined the Red Army and rose to the highest military ranks of the USSR. 7 of them became Heroes of the Soviet Union. Among them:
- Ageev G.I. (posthumously);
- Budenny SM. ;
- Kozyr M.Ye.
- Lazarenko IS;
- M. Meshchryakov;
- Nedorubov K.I .;
- Tyulenev I.V.
CM. Budyonny
The name of this legendary person roared in parts of the Russian cavalry back in the years of the First World War, and even earlier - Russian-Japanese. For bravery on the Austrian, German and Caucasian fronts, Semyon Mikhailovich was awarded crosses and medals of all 4 degrees.
His first award was received for the seizure of the German train and the 8 soldiers accompanying him. However, Budyonny was stripped of her for striking an officer. This did not prevent him after all to get on the list of "Full Georgievsky Cavaliers", since on the Turkish front Semyon Budyonny earned three St. George crosses during the battles for Van and Mendelij, and the last (first degree) - for the capture of 7 enemy soldiers. Thus, he became a man who received 5 awards.
During the Civil War, he initiated the creation of the First Cavalry Army, and in 1935 he and four other military commanders were awarded the rank of marshal.
During the Second World War, Semyon Budyonny did not have the opportunity to show his abilities, as he was removed from command of the South-Western direction of the front because of a telegram in which he honestly described the danger that threatened those who were in the so-called Kiev sack.
In the postwar years, the commander was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union three times.
Kuzma Petrovich Trubnikov
This legendary person was a participant in three wars. For the deeds committed in the period from 1914 to 1917, he received many awards. In particular, the list of "Full Georgievsky Cavaliers" contains his name. He showed himself no less heroically during the Great Patriotic War, organizing the defense of Tula, controlling the troops during the Battle of Stalingrad, commanding the units entrusted to him during the liberation of Yelnya, etc. At the Victory Parade Trubnikov, who was already awarded the rank of colonel general, Box of the regiment of the 2nd Belorussian Front. During his long service the military leader was awarded 38 orders and medals of tsarist Russia, the USSR and several other countries.
Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev
The future Hero of the Soviet Union was born in the family of a participant in the Russo-Turkish war. He was drafted into the army at the beginning of the First World War and went to the regiment, where during that period he served as well. Rokossovsky. Having started the war as a simple soldier, Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev rose to the rank of ensign. For the heroism displayed in the battles on the territory of Poland, he was four times awarded the St. George Cross. In the first days of the Second World War Tyulenev was appointed commander of the Southern Front, but in August he was seriously wounded, and after the hospital he was sent to the Urals to form 20 divisions. In 1942, the general was sent to the Caucasus. At his request, the defense of the Main Range was strengthened, which in the future allowed to stop the offensive of the Hitlerites, aimed at seizing oil fields in the region of the Caspian Sea.
In 1978, for his services in defending the country and enhancing the country's defense capability, I.V. Tyulenev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and he became one of the seven outstanding military men who were awarded the highest award of the USSR, having the title "Full St. George Chevalier of the First World War".
R.Ya. Malinowski
The future marshal of the USSR at the age of 11 fled from home because of his mother's marriage and worked as a farmer until he joined the army, attributing to himself two years. The deception was uncovered, but the teenager was able to persuade the command to leave him to bring cartridges to the machine-gunners. In 1915, a 17-year-old soldier received his first "Egoriya". Then he was sent to France as part of the Expeditionary Corps, where he was twice awarded the government of the Third Republic. In 1919, Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky signed up for the Foreign Legion, and for bravery on the German front became a Cavalier of the French Military Cross. In addition, by order of Kolchak's general D. Shcherbachev, he was awarded the third-degree St. George cross.
In 1919 Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky returned to his homeland and became one of the active participants in the Civil War, and in the late 1930s he was sent to Spain as military adviser.
The merits of this commander during the Great Patriotic War are invaluable. In particular, the troops under his command liberated Odessa, played an important role in the Battle of Stalingrad, drove the fascists from Budapest and took Vienna.
After the war in Europe, Malinowski was sent to the far east, where the actions of the Transbaikal Front led by him finally defeated the Japanese grouping. For the successful conduct of this operation, Rodion Yakovlevich received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Secondly, the Gold Star was given to him in 1958.
Other Soviet generals marked for bravery by the St. George Cross
Before the revolution, other soldiers of the imperial army were rewarded with the Soldier Egorii, who were destined to become famous commanders of the USSR. Among them, we can mention the winners of two crosses of Georgy Zhukov, Sidor Kovpak and Konstantin Rokossovsky. In addition, three such awards were the famous hero of the Civil War V. Chapaev.
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