Effective water purification from iron from the well. Methods for purifying drinking water from iron

Before mankind there are many serious tasks. One of them is to find an effective way of treating water coming from natural sources. Under the latter, one should understand wells, wells, etc. Today, there are many methods of how to remove harmful impurities or reduce their quantity to a minimum. Let's see what kind of water purification from iron from the well is best for us. Let's consider each method and tell about its advantages and disadvantages.

General information

Most often, this problem is faced by people living in country houses, or summer residents. This is due, to a large extent, to the lack of quality drinking water in the pipeline. If there is a big garden, then it can be watered only from a well, because most of us have water not round the clock and not with such a head as we would like. If you are a businessman and extract water from artesian sources, and then sell it, you should know that it is strictly forbidden to sell the product without cleaning. This applies not only to the removal of impurities, but also to other treatments, for example, to reduce stiffness. Often, we are dealing with water, which contains from 2 to 10 ml / l of iron, from 0.1 to 2 mg / l of manganese. You can safely say that such a product is undesirable to drink. It is for this reason that the purification of water from the iron from the well is extremely important. Let's take a closer look at this issue.

Perspective cleaning methods

Regardless of the purpose of your well, water must be submitted for analysis. The exception is only those cases when you use a source not for drinking purposes. For example, for watering the garden or for lawn care. At best, it is necessary to solve this issue at the design stage. But, as practice shows, only 25% do it. In any case, it is necessary to pass the water for chemical and bacteriological analysis in SES. Only after this it is necessary to decide on which cleaning system will be installed. It is advisable to talk with your neighbors and find out what kind of water they have. Today there are several effective ways to clean artesian and other natural sources:

• mechanical;
• Ozonation;
• chlorination;
• Aeration;
• reverse osmosis.

If the analysis results from SES are positive, then water can not be cleaned at all. But this applies only to those sources that are not used for drinking purposes. These include wells for fire tanks, watering of land, etc. Let's take a closer look at what kind of water purification from iron from the well is more rational. There are many important points.

Purification of water from iron by aeration

This method is good in that, in addition to iron, it removes harmful impurities such as manganese and hydrogen sulphide, as well as some other organic compounds. The principle of this method is quite simple, it consists in the oxidation of impurities by oxygen. The method is good because it affects a large number of harmful inclusions, but some are not effective enough. As a result of water aeration, insoluble compounds appear, which are removed by filtration or sludge. At a high pump capacity, coagulants are added, which help to accelerate the interconnection of the particles, therefore, they can be removed more quickly. It is possible to identify with certainty the several undeniable advantages of aeration of water from a well. Firstly, it's low costs, but this applies only to non-pressure systems, which consist of a tank, a pump and a compressor. After aeration, the water is protected from microorganisms, since oxygen is an effective oxidizer. You do not need to talk about the ecology of the method - no chemistry. In addition, oxygenated water is very tasty.

Mechanical restoration

This purification method is designed exclusively to remove mechanical impurities and refined products. Mechanical processing is present in all natural sources, as the first step. It is a filter that removes any impurities and inclusions visible to the human eye. As noted above, after the aeration of water, compounds are formed which must be removed. So, most often they are "caught" by machining. Often, two-stage systems are installed. At the first stage, a filter device is mounted. As a filler, quartz sand, activated carbon, sulfoneal coal, etc. can be used. On the second stage, a film filter is applied, which purifies water more qualitatively. It can be said with certainty that mechanical systems, as it were, prepare liquid for more fine cleaning, for example, aeration, reverse osmosis, etc. The advantages of this method are that after a certain operating time the filter can simply be washed or treated with chlorination.

About reverse osmosis

This method of treatment allows you to remove almost all impurities from the water, except for inclusions the size of a water molecule. For the most part, there are gases, for example hydrogen sulphide, as well as fluorine and chlorine. It is worthwhile to draw your attention to the fact that the purification of water from ferrous iron is best accomplished by osmosis. But the use of such a system implies compliance with some simple rules. Firstly, this pressure before the filter is not less than 3 atmospheres. Otherwise, osmosis will not work. In general, the higher the pressure, the better the performance of the system as a whole. But here there are their problems. The membrane is extremely sensitive to such inclusions as hydrogen sulphide, fluorine and chlorine. A high content of these elements in water leads to accelerated destruction of osmosis. To avoid this, install 2-3-step coal filters.

On the advantages and disadvantages of reverse osmosis

It is not superfluous to say that such a system has many advantages. Among them, a high degree of purification and removal of inclusions such as sodium and potassium salts. Only osmosis can remove these elements. However, such a system is not devoid of shortcomings. The main one is a high degree of purification. "Why is it bad?" - you ask. In fact, it's one and the same thing that we drink discs. It is for this reason that the liquid purified by reverse osmosis is not recommended to be consumed as drinking water. In addition to the fact that the membrane is sensitive to certain inclusions, the equipment itself is quite expensive and complex. This is due to the fact that mineralizers are often added. From all of the above, it can be concluded that it is advisable to apply reverse osmosis only when it is not possible to use other methods of purification.

A little about chlorination

We all know that as a basic disinfectant in central water pipes use a substance such as chlorine. It provides epidemic safety, since it destroys all viruses and pathogenic microorganisms. But it can be said with certainty that direct chlorination of water, especially from natural sources, is used less and less often. It is caused by certain harm. Since chlorine comes into a chemical reaction upon contact with water, free radicals are formed-unstable molecules that do not have the best effect on the cells of the body. In principle, chlorination can be applied, but it is better to do this along with ozonation or reverse osmosis. The method is relevant only when purification of water from iron from the well is carried out for industrial purposes.

All about ozonation

Ozone is a powerful oxidant that transfers most of the harmful inclusions into insoluble impurities. Ozonization is possible only when using special generators that produce this element. This method is excellent for removing heavy salts, as well as ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. Effective purification of water from dissolved iron by 95-99% is possible only by ozonation, the same applies to manganese inclusions. The principle of operation of the system is exactly the same as in aeration, only the oxidizer is more powerful. The formed insoluble compounds are removed by carbon or quartz filters. Purification of water from natural sources, wells in particular, guarantees complete disinfection of water. The method is also good because ozone breaks down into oxygen rather quickly and improves the quality of the product somewhat. The method is becoming more relevant, especially after the cost of ozone generators has fallen.

Reagent and non-reagent purification of water from iron

Reagent systems require the presence of a reagent, which is needed to restore the properties of the filter or the normal operation of the system as a whole. It is easy to conclude that non-reagent systems do not require anything other than the usual periodic flushing. This way of iron removal is good because there are no consumables. A system of this kind needs to replace the filter only once every few years. A good method for purifying water from natural sources. Well removes suspended and dissolved iron, as well as manganese and hydrogen sulphide. Unfortunately, often the method is inapplicable, especially in cases where the iron content exceeds 10 mg / l. Low pH values of water also prevent the use of this cleaning method. In this case, it is better to use a reagent (oxidizer).

Electrochemical cleaning

This method appeared not so long ago, and therefore has not received wide distribution yet. The principle of electrochemical cleaning is that an electric constant current is passed through contaminated water. As soon as it comes into contact with the liquid, chemical reactions will occur in the latter, resulting in insoluble substances that need to be removed by mechanical cleaning. The method is relevant only for sources with industrial designation. If the purification of water from iron by ozone is used not only for industrial facilities, then the electrochemical method is created for this purpose only. This is due to the fact that it is difficult to control the organic composition of the liquid when the reactions are taking place. Electrochemical cleaning requires complex equipment and creates a high load on the network.

Treatment of water by ultraviolet

This method is not very popular due to the complexity of the system as a whole and insufficient efficiency. If purification of drinking water from iron by aeration or ozone is considered the main method, then ultraviolet irradiation, as well as chlorination, is preferable to use as an additional filter. If the liquid has optimal parameters, then this is quite another matter. Studies have shown that with good water quality it is permissible to use ultraviolet as the main purification system. This solution is implemented along with the installation of mechanical filters. For example, water purification from iron KIA is considered quite effective, but an expensive method.

A few important details

Here we are with you and talked about what is the cleaning of water from iron impurities and what is it for. As you can see, one can not do without this, especially if drinking water is extracted from the source. Regardless of the purpose, it is necessary to install mechanical filters that remove insoluble compounds. But this is only the first step. By the way, water purification from iron KIA implies a rather interesting system. Its essence lies in the fact that before the pump there is a mechanical filter, then a fine filter, and at the output there is another mechanical filter. Now you will understand why this is necessary. The fact is that the water from the source always has some insoluble compounds, and before aeration or ozonation they need to be removed. After cleaning, such inclusions appear again, and again they must be weeded out.

Conclusion

As you can see, everything is not so complicated here. The first thing you need to do is to pass the water for analysis in the SES. Based on the results obtained, establish a specific purification system. If the quality is generally good, then gravity aeration or ultraviolet can be used. If the water is not the best, then apply reverse osmosis or ozonization. In any case, there are many solutions, the main thing is to choose the right option. By the way, do not think that industrial purification of water from iron - this is something superfluous, in fact, this is not so. Untreated fluid is sometimes unsuitable for any use.