Dystrophy of the retina. Classification, methods of treatment

Retinal dystrophy is a pathological process that often results in loss of vision. In dystrophy, damage to cells and intercellular substance is observed , which causes a change in the functions of the organ of vision.

Retinal dystrophy is classified according to several signs.

1. By the type of disturbed metabolic processes. There are water, mineral, fatty, protein and carbohydrate.
2. In the place of manifestation. Distinguish between cellular, mixed and extracellular.
3. By prevalence. Distinguish between system and local.
4. By origin (etiology). There are congenital and acquired.

Patients begin to complain about poor eyesight, and in both eyes, the narrowing of the field under observation, almost 100% blindness in the dark, wrong color perception.

If at least one of these signs appears, you should immediately seek professional help and start a course of treatment.

Dystrophy of the retina is due to many reasons:

- diseases of blood vessels, circulatory system. Violation of the blood composition serves as a provoking factor in the disease;

- impaired lymph circulation. Chronic, recurrent lymphadenitis;

- infectious diseases of the body (elderly people);

- endocrine diseases, failure of human hormonal background;

- imbalance in the metabolic processes of the body, disruption of cell nutrition, leading to dystrophy;

Summing up what has been said, it can be said that it is the incorrect circulation that is established in the cellular tissue that is the main cause of retinal dystrophy.

More often, retinal dystrophy affects the elderly, but young people are also at risk. For example, a person is nearsighted. A consequence of this is an increase in the transverse size of the eyes, then a multiple increase in pressure on the envelope, and the result is retinal dystrophy.

Injuries to the eyes, especially those affecting their mucous membrane, are a common cause of retinal dystrophy. To the same negative factors include chronic pathologies of the eyes, kidneys, cardiovascular system, the action of all kinds of toxins.

One of the forms of severe hereditary diseases of the retina is myotonic dystrophy. About To 16 The first signs of this disease appear. Characteristic symptoms of myotonic dystrophy are muscle spasms in the fingers and chewing muscles, muscle atrophy, mainly facial and cervical. The patient is observed nasal pronunciation of sounds in connection with the atrophy of bulbar muscles, popperhivanie, change in breathing. The disease gives complications to the eyes, the endocrine system. According to statistics, she gets 1 person out of 8 thousand, and men are three times more likely. The cure is extremely rare, the lethal outcome is more common .

Treatment of retinal dystrophy is prescribed depending on the clinical picture of the disease and the type of dystrophy. Practically in all cases, treatment is symptomatic (aimed at eliminating the symptom of the disease), because in most cases the disease is hereditary.

In the treatment of retinal dystrophy, the physician selects a method that is appropriate only for the patient. Currently, conservative methods are used, laser and surgical.

As a drug treatment, disaggregants, drugs that dilate blood vessels, antisclerotic drugs (elderly patients), combined vitamins, biogenic stimulants are used.

Effective is the use of physiotherapy: electrophoresis (with no-shpoy, hepatrin), laser low-energy stimulation.

Forecasts with hereditary forms of retinal dystrophy are disappointing, resulting in blindness.