DET in children: symptoms and causes of impairment

Under the delay of mental development is understood the syndrome of the lag of mental development as a whole or only its individual functions, as well as the slowing of the realization of potential. The latter is expressed in the lack of knowledge, the limitations of basic concepts and the general immaturity of thinking. The main difficulties that these children face are associated with social adaptation. At the same time, CPD is a complex disorder, in which, depending on its degree, mental, physical and psychological components of activity suffer. At the same time, it is possible to talk about what concerns the borderline form of CPD violations in children. Symptoms can be expressed due to the unevenness of mental functions, which can be associated with both damage and underdevelopment.

Causes of PAD in children

Symptoms of this disorder are closely related to the causes that led to the onset of the disease. Biological refers to the pathology of pregnancy, asphyxia or other injuries received during labor, prematurity, infection, as well as genetic predisposition. For social reasons - unfavorable conditions of upbringing, limitation of ability to live, psycho-traumatic situations.

Manifestations of CPD in children

Symptoms of the disorder are very diverse. Thus, in such children, a delay in physical development is often found: muscle failure, growth retardation, and maldevelopment of the muscles. In addition, the formation of walking can be delayed, And speech, as well as the stages of the game.

Emotional-volitional sphere

Features of development affect the emotional-volitional sphere. Thus, in children with CPD, organic infantilism manifests itself: the brightness and vividness of emotions are not so pronounced as in healthy children, the volitional component is poorly developed. It is much more difficult for such a child to make a strong-willed effort, to force himself to do something. This leads to the fact that the cognitive sphere begins to suffer.

Sphere of cognition

Here, too, violations are observed. These include instability of attention, reduced switchability, sluggishness. If PEP is found in children, the symptoms of a deviation suggest that they need a longer period to process and receive both visual and any other impressions. The game is usually distinguished by the scarcity of the creative process and the poverty of the imagination, some monotony. Because of the increased exhaustion of such children, a low level of efficiency. However, the violation of attention can be combined with an increase in speech and motor activity. This set of abnormalities is characteristic for manifestations of CPD in children. Symptoms of it, not complicated by other manifestations, are referred to as "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder".

Speech

The speech of children with ZPR and the features of its formation depend, first of all, on the severity of the violation. So, for example, there may be only a small delay, indicating a mismatch in the level of the norm. In more severe forms, there may be a violation of the lexico-grammatical side of speech. A child with a PEP has a much smaller stock of information about the world around him. Such children do not fully develop both spatial and temporal representations.