Dendrological examination. Dendrology: objects of research

Forest tracts have a significant significance in human life. They not only form the parameters of the air environment necessary for life, but also serve as a source of valuable resources - wood. And this is not to mention the role of the forest that he plays in the overall ecosystem.

Given the above, it is logical to assume that in a developed society there should be tools that regulate human activities from the point of view of controlling the territories occupied by the forest. In Russia this function is determined by dendrology - this is the direction of science devoted to arboreal vegetation. Specialists in this field are engaged in studying trees, bushes, lianas, etc.

On the basis of this discipline, practical mechanisms based on the study of forest resources as well as the regulation of human activities for the purpose of optimal management of these arrays are based.

What is a dendrological examination?

Any actions with areas occupied by tree plantations should be carried out only after carrying out the relevant studies. Dendrological examination, in particular, involves a thorough check of plantations on a specific site with the identification of rare specimens, the general condition of trees, etc. In each case, the purpose of the event is initially determined. This can be cutting, landscaping, preparing the terrain for future construction, as well as reorienting the area from the point of view of nature management. In turn, the dendrological survey provides an opportunity to determine which operations will best realize the planned plans. So, if flora is supposed to be maintained, the specialists develop measures aimed at compensatory gardening. That is, if necessary in the future, planting new trees with shrubs.

Who and how does the examination?

Obviously, such studies are impossible without special knowledge in botany, biology and dendrology as such. Specialists in this field should be able to orient themselves in the types of plants growing on the territory entrusted to them. As a rule, surveys are conducted by brigades, on which arrays of a certain scale are allocated. A common task that can confront such a group of specialists may be the identification of species composition, as well as the diversity of the forms of trees and shrubs that grow on this site. In practice, a dendrological examination can be a bypass of the forest massif first along the perimeter, and then by shuttle travel. In the process of this study, the group members identify and label the necessary plant species. At the end, a report on the work done, which can later become a material for compiling a dendrological project or plan, is formed.

Objects of research

To begin with, it is necessary to determine the subject of study, in which almost any tree plant located in the subordinated zone can act. So, in addition to trees, it can be different types of shrubs and semishrubs, vines of tree species, as well as cushion and creeping plants. If you move to the objects, then usually conducted a study of forests, park areas, reserves and specialized farms. It is important to note that the aim of the researcher is not to analyze the state of a particular specimen, but to draw up a general picture of the current situation within a particular territory. That is, a single instance can be counted as one of many features that form a general representation of the array.

Types of research

There are two types of forest surveys - preliminary and basic. In the first case, experts carry out analysis of plantations at the stage of development of the project for future construction. The main task in this event is to determine the areas that are permissible for cutting and clearing, where direct construction, road construction and, in general, infrastructure development are possible. The main survey of forest areas is carried out for the subsequent compilation of a detailed plan of the terrain in which the species composition of the plantations, the condition and location of the woody plants will be reflected.

Dendrological project

Actually, the final product of any survey is a package of documents, which is compiled for one or another purpose. Again, this may be a project being developed for further construction within the forest range, or a document ordered by an environmental organization. The following information can be reflected in the project: the state of green plantations growing on the site, the presence of rare specimens, the parameters of individual plant species, recommendations for cutting or preserving certain breeds, and other data. It can be said that dendrological survey of the territory is the main source for drafting, but there are also special points not related to direct study of the forest. This, for example, may be sections indicating the cost of compensatory landscaping. The inclusion of such items is usually envisaged if it is a question of purposeful improvement of a particular territory.

Dendrological plan

Usually the plan is part of the project, but it can also act as a separate document. It most fully and accurately reflects the state of woody vegetation within the boundaries of the surveyed territory. For the preparation of this material, photographic equipment is usually used. There is also a special direction of cameral works, which is guided by the development of such plans. As for the purpose of the document, it can be different. As well as a dendrological survey of the territory, the plan can be drawn up for the purpose of rational distribution of construction and infrastructure facilities on the ground, or for choosing the tactics of gardening.

Conclusion

Performing dendrological studies requires a lot of time and effort on the part of performers. Of course, much depends on the scale of the project, but even on a small site, qualitative study is impossible without the use of technical aids. However, they are only of an auxiliary nature, since dendrological examination even nowadays relies on the experience and knowledge of a person. Only a specialist can determine where and how best to perform logging, and where to set up a new landing zone. In doing so, many factors are taken into account, among which the gamma scale, the age of plants, climatic conditions and various nuances of exploitation of the massif.