Cultivation of garlic in the open ground. Garlic: planting, care

Garlic - one of the oldest vegetable crops, home to which are foothill Central Asian regions. This is a seasoning, and a burning spice, and a great medicine. Therefore, no vegetable garden can do without planting this representative of the family of Bulbs. Cultivation of garlic in the open ground usually does not cause big problems for farmers. It is believed that this is nothing complicated. And yet a good crop to grow is not easy. Compliance with the rules of agricultural technology, technology and care for planting is necessary for the successful growth of this remarkable vegetable culture.

Garlic: the history of the plant

It is impossible to establish exactly when garlic is present in people's lives. Already in ancient times it was grown in India and used as a medicine. Historians claim that they started eating it about 5 thousand years ago: the found manuscripts speak of the cultivation of garlic in Ancient Rome and Greece, Assyria and the Jewish kingdom, Egypt and the Arab countries. He was found in the tombs of the pharaohs. About him mention the Bible and the Koran, which indicates the high recognition of this magnificent bulb as a spice and medicinal plant for ancient civilizations. And today it is difficult to do without this culture, so we will deal with the subtleties of growing such a remarkable plant as garlic.

Embarkation: choose a place

The landing site is of decisive importance. It should be level, not flooded with spring floods and be on the sunny side. Observe the order of crop rotation is mandatory: in the same place, garlic should be grown no more than 2 years. Ideal predecessors of the plant are zucchini, peas, potatoes, cucumbers.

Soil must be moderately fertile, well drained. The general rule for planting is to observe intervals: 8-10 cm between the denticles and 18-20 cm in the aisles. The access of air and light is a necessary condition for a good growth of culture. In addition, such distances are optimal for subsequent fertilization and weeding.

Seed preparation

An indispensable rule of qualitative selection of cloves of garlic for planting is the choice of the desired variety. There are two varieties of bulbs - winter and spring. You can plant in spring - then you need spring garlic. Landing for the winter, of course, involves winter varieties. Bulbs should be taken large, without damage. Separate them into denticles should be immediately before planting. A feature of winter garlic is that it requires a long stratification for successful growth, that is, it is in the cold for several months. That's why it is planted under the winter. For the qualitative vernalization of garlic at the beginning of development, low temperatures are also required, and this regulates the timing of sowing of spring garlic. It is planted in the early spring, as soon as the snow came down, so that the vernalization time (up to 40 days) passed at an air temperature of + 5-10 ° C.

Planting garlic for the winter

In the environment of Russian truck farmers, the main representative of onions, planted for winter, is garlic winter. Growing it up is a responsible thing: you need to work in the fall, observing the conditions of planting, considering the time and place, cultivating the soil and applying the necessary fertilizers, and also the choice of the suitable variety.

The seedbed for planting garlic should be prepared a month before planting. The earth needs to be well digged, to remove weed grass and roots. Then the soil must be carefully leveled and spilled with peat-humic fertilizer for feeding and disinfection. After 10 days, humus or well-seasoned manure infusion is applied at the rate of 10 liters of fertilizer per 2 sq. M. M. The ground must be loosened, shed and grooves made, then sand and ash must be introduced into them to avoid the formation of rot.

The timing and technology of planting winter garlic

Favorable time for planting in non-black earth regions of Russia is the third decade of September. You can not plant garlic before - the denticles will have time to release the greens and freeze, and the roots will be weakened. If you plant later, the garlic will not have time to take root. Plant garlic, deepening it for 10 cm, in harvested furrows, well spilled in advance.

Important! Cultivation of garlic in the open ground assumes some features. When planting, it is impossible to force the denticles with force (this is often the fault of summer residents) - starting from the compacted soil, the sprouting roots will begin to push the bulb upward, which will lead to freezing. The final stage of planting is leveling the soil, mulching peat, sawdust and warming the top with spruce lapnikom. When arid autumn, once a week, you need to water garlic. A big harvest of garlic can be expected in case of a good winter with snowfalls. Therefore, if the winter is not very snowy, and the planting areas for garlic are small, snow should be thrown on the beds. If these simple rules are observed, the future harvest of garlic will be reliably protected from adverse effects.

Spring garlic: cultivation and features

To activate the growth processes, the separated denticles are treated like this: for 10-12 hours they soak in a growth stimulant solution with the addition of several grains of manganese to prevent diseases.

So, choosing a favorite sort of spring garlic, respectively, having processed it, proceed to spring planting. Note that the early planting of garlic is also explained by a temporary reserve for the possibility of full ripening of the bulbs, which is a guarantee of their high quality and excellent level of shelf life. There is an opinion that spring garlic is more useful than winter, and does not lose its medicinal properties and presentation during storage. Cultivation of garlic in the open ground, especially from early spring days, assumes the same holding intervals as when planting for the winter, and the subsequent close observation of the germination and condition of the sprouts.

Garlic is extremely sensitive to the acidity of the soil, so you can not bring fresh manure. As a feed, you must use only humus. When spring planting garlic in water for irrigation it is useful to add urea at the rate of 30 gr. For 10 liters of water. This amount of solution is enough for 2 square meters. M. In addition to nitrogen fertilizers, potash and phosphorus are also needed. The first shoots appear after 12-18 days. During the formation of leaves, nutrients are required to be fed with wood ash. In addition, it is an effective deterrent for pests.

Garlic care after planting

The cultivation of garlic is simple. The main condition for the good development of bulbs is timely top dressing. But it is equally important to ensure planting with regular watering. Lack of water has a disastrous effect on the development of the bulb, so the main issue is to ensure optimum moisture planting. It is important not to overdo it - excess water is harmful. The norm is watering in the volume of 10 liters per m². To maturation of garlic, watering gradually decreases, in the last 2-3 weeks before harvesting, the need for water disappears. Equally important are regular weeding and loosening of rows. Cleaning of garlic is carried out at the end of the life cycle of the plant - between yellowing of the leaves and their drying.

Cultivation of garlic from bulbochek

The number of denticles in the bulb is limited, so the most promising is the reproduction of the culture with bulbs or air bulbs. Their use increases the possibility of multiplication of garlic several times. In the northern and temperate latitudes of Russia and in Siberia, air bulbs are planted in the spring, and it is very important to keep them in the winter. Well they are stored in the inflorescences at a temperature of 15-20 ° C. Two months before landing, in early March, they are moved to a cooler place. Cultivation of garlic from bulbocots predetermines several conditions: bulbs must mature and be preserved qualitatively.

Planted in five lines with ribbons, dipping the bulb at 3 cm, and then mulching the garden with humus. Care of seedlings is the same as for spring garlic, ie, they are weeded in time, watered and fed with any organic matter. In the autumn, ripen ripens, which do not clean, and leave to winter, not forgetting to cover the crops and organizing snow retention. In spring they germinate and harvest in July-August. Cultivation of garlic from bulbots occurs in a two-year cycle, which results in an excellent culture.

Rare culture - rocambole

Popular in Europe and Asia, the culture of rocambol, or onion coiffure, in Russia is still rare. But gardeners who have already got acquainted with this culture, appreciated its excellent pleasant taste. Due to its biological characteristics, this plant is suitable for growing in all Russian regions.

Rokambol - a representative of the family lily, but outwardly resembling a large garlic. Rokambol, cultivation of which practically does not differ from the usual garlic, also loves fertile neutral soils, is responsive to organic fertilizing and weeding. With proper care, the bulbs of this culture reach 250-300 grams.

Diseases and pests

Many pests parasitize plants, causing irreparable harm to garlic. The most common of these are stem nematode and garlic mite. They can harm not only during the development of culture, but also during storage. In addition to phytophagous insects, there are also diseases of garlic, the most dangerous of which are peronosporosis, neck rot, fusariosis. The main measures to combat diseases and pests are preventive measures: observance of crop rotation, timely destruction of affected plants and infected bulbs, preparation of planting material. Cautious use of fungicides is also possible. Industrial cultivation of garlic suggests more intensive use of such drugs. Nevertheless, it is the modest summer cottages that give a healthier harvest, since any gardener is very picky about the use of chemicals, preferring to use more gentle methods.

Cultivation of garlic in the open field involves the implementation of simple but demanding operations, the fulfillment of which guarantees a good harvest of a remarkable crop.