Crimea: economy and resources. Republic of Crimea

The peninsula Crimea was an integral part of the Russian Empire, in the Soviet Union it also occupied a significant place. It is famous for its resorts, wine and a multinational population, as well as a rich history, without having studied it, it is hardly possible to fully understand what the Crimean economy is today.

Resources

In Crimea, there are different types of soil, including chernozem, which occupy more than 45% of the peninsula. They are successfully used for growing various crops. There are few rivers on the peninsula, to solve this problem, its inhabitants have long learned to use underground waters, as well as create artificial reservoirs, but the life and economy of the Crimea in our time depend to a large extent on the supply of fresh water from the mainland.

In the bowels of the peninsula there are also deposits of various natural resources, such as iron ore, salt, oil and gas, various building materials are extracted here.

Of course, the main wealth of the Crimea is the recreational resources, which are widely used for recreation, tourism, and treatment. This is curative mud, and specialized resorts, and just beaches on the shores of the Black and Azov Seas, which are visited annually by millions of tourists.

Crimea in ancient times

It is quite obvious that people tend to populate the most profitable territories for living. Fertile lands on which you can engage in cattle breeding and farming, the Crimea is rich. The economy of the peninsula in many times largely depended on trade, because its geographical location is conducive to this.

It is believed that the first people in the Crimea appeared another 250 thousand years ago, and written sources testify to the Cimmerians who inhabited the peninsula in the XV-VII centuries. BC. E. After them, only the peoples who lived here: Taurians, Sarmatians and Scythians, Romans and Greeks, Khazars, Polovtsians and Pechenegs, Byzantines, Turks and Tatars, Armenians and Slavs. All of them have left their mark on the culture of the peninsula.

Crimea in the Russian Empire

In the structure of Russia itself, the peninsula, formerly the Crimean Khanate, entered in 1783. In the same year the naval port of Sevastopol was founded. And from that moment the economy of the Crimea received for its development significant infusions of funds from the Russian treasury.

New cities, settlements and estates were founded, and new industrialists built factories, factories and other enterprises. In those years, a lot of settlers, free and serf peasants who came from Russia and other European countries settled on the peninsula's lands. For everyone here was a job - people were engaged in gardening, viticulture, beekeeping, produced grain and tobacco, and extracted salt. The construction of military and merchant ships was also launched.

Progress in the economy of the peninsula was hampered by the Crimean War, which began in 1853, and then the revolution of 1917, however, in peacetime, the government made every effort to ensure the development of Tauris.

Crimea in the USSR

The economy of the Crimea in the RSFSR, since 1954, attached to the Ukrainian SSR, has traditionally been oriented towards tourism, and the peninsula was designated as an all-Union health resort. However, this sphere is hardly the main one in the region's economy. It should be noted that the social structure of the Soviet Union presupposed payment by the state of most of the costs for recreation and health improvement of the population, therefore the contribution of the tourism industry to the economy of the region can be considered more symbolic.

In addition to the habitual use of recreational resources, along with agriculture, the Crimea becomes a major naval base that provides the USSR's influence on the Black Sea. On the peninsula, industrial production is quite successfully developing - first of all it is military instrumentation and shipbuilding. In addition, there are enterprises engaged in the processing of fish, fruits, vegetables and grapes, whose products are also exported.

Economy of Crimea as part of Ukraine

This is a special page in the life of the peninsula. Since the first years of perestroika and the subsequent disintegration of the USSR, the economy of the Republic of Crimea has undergone serious changes. And it's not so much that from now on the peninsula remains alone with independent Ukraine - the fault is the economic model of the free market that was being introduced in most of the post-Soviet space.

The result of the reforms was a significant decline in production, a reduction in the area of gardens and vineyards, and the military sector was completely abolished. Different spheres of the economy lost state support, now everything was built on the principles of private property and personal gain. Most of the Soviet agricultural enterprises have disappeared, many sanatoriums and other health-improving complexes have also closed or come to desolation.

The Autonomous Republic of Crimea has ceased to be an all-Union health resort - tourists now preferred beach rest, and sometimes it was more profitable for them to go to Egypt or to Turkey.

Tourism as the basis of the economy of Crimea

For 20 years, attempts to attract private investment in an autonomous republic have not been crowned with particular success, apart from the relatively small amount of funds of Ukrainian and Russian investors. Only in 2010 tourism was officially declared a priority, and the state began to finance the development of the economy in the Crimea. In its infrastructure were invested significant funds.

Against the background of general decline, the tourism industry is becoming increasingly important, and together with the service sector brings to the budget of the peninsula at least 25% of its revenues. As of the beginning of 2014, the service of visiting tourists to different degrees becomes a source of earnings for 50% of Crimeans. More than 75% of all tourists accept Yalta, Alushta and Evpatoria.

After joining Russia

The economy of Russia after the accession of the Crimea suffered no more than the economy of the peninsula itself. Although pensions and salaries in the public sector are gradually increased by 50%, but prices are increasing at about the same speed, as cheaper Ukrainian goods now do not have access to the Crimea market.

In addition, most of the tourists who came to rest on the peninsula, was represented by residents of Ukraine. Now the Republic of Crimea and its population, because of the confrontation between Ukraine and Russia, have lost a significant part of their incomes.

In fact, there are many difficulties: there is a shortage of water and electricity on the Crimean peninsula, and an unstable banking system - problems, of course, are solved, but everything takes time.

Future plans

Although for Russia Crimea is more important from the geopolitical point of view, the government plans the development of this region. During the year the Ministry of Economy of Crimea twice replaced its head - Svetlana Verbu, who worked in the department since 2011, in October 2014 was replaced by Nikolay Koryazhkin, whose place in turn was appointed Valentin Demidov, who previously held the post of mayor of Armyansk .

The new Minister of Economy of the Crimea plans to seriously engage in improving the free economic zone and attracting investors. According to him, first of all it is necessary to begin to struggle with bureaucracy, and also to create an understandable and accessible system in which it will be convenient for investors to work so that they are not deterred by the prospect of getting stuck in the offices of various services and bodies during business registration.