The governments of different states at different periods of history had a sufficient number of reasons that led to the unification of countries. In some years it was a military confrontation (as, for example, in the case of the Entente at the beginning of the XX century or the anti-Hitler coalition in its middle), in others - the need for financial or political support (the CIS after the collapse of the USSR or the creation of the CMEA - the union of mutual economic assistance at the end 40-ies of the last century). A little more detail on the last voiced by us coalition. Creation of CMEA. How it was.
To begin with, the primary cause of the creation of such an economic association in 1949 was the destructive and large-scale consequences of the Second World War. The countries of Eastern and Western Europe in this global military conflict suffered incredible human and economic losses. It would be more accurate to say that the financial sector of these states was completely destroyed. It was not only the industry, but also the residential sector, as well as infrastructure, not to mention the population, that required restoration. It was necessary to regularly supply raw materials, equipment and, of course, food. The formation of the CMEA in 1949 was intended to help in resolving these issues.
Countries included in the
Participants in the new commonwealth were the countries of socialist Europe, namely: Romania, Bulgaria, the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary. A few months later, Albania joins them, and next year also the democratic part of Germany (GDR).
The creation of the CMEA initially assumed that its membership would include only European states and the USSR. However, in 1962, at a regular meeting, it was decided that the union could well be other countries that fully share and support the main objectives of the association. Such a change of policy made it possible to include the Mongolian People's Republic, Vietnam and Cuba in the participants. However, in 1961 Albania broke all agreements and ceased to participate in the union, due to the change in state position by the government of the country.
Union activities
It is worth noting the following fact: in spite of the fact that the creation of the CMEA was in 1949, this economic community started its activity only in the 60's. It was during these years that the leadership of the largest state party (the USSR) decided to turn the association into a kind of socialist camp, similar to the European Economic Union, which has a common market. In other words, it created a semblance of the modern European Union. Since 1964 the CMEA countries have begun to actively interact in a large-scale system of bank settlements. All operations were performed through the IBEC (International Bank for Economic Cooperation), established in 1963. Seven years later a new financial structure appeared. Its task was to issue long-term loans for the implementation of community plans. This organization was named International Investment Bank.
The 70th was marked by a new stage - the creation of the CMEA program aimed at economic unification and interpenetration. It presupposed the development of higher forms of state integration: investment, production cooperation, cooperation in the field of scientific and technical developments. It was during this period that various international concerns and enterprises emerged. By 1975, despite a noticeable lagging behind their Western competitors, the CMEA countries had one-third of the world's industrial output. However, within the coalition a tendency towards a capitalist path of market development was brewing. The USSR made attempts to join the new economic programs, but without success. The political situation in the 1980s led to the change of governments and the state system in a number of member countries (the Soviet Union itself, including), which eventually ended with the liquidation of the association on the initiative of its members. One can not but say that the creation of the CMEA has allowed many countries in Europe to revive the war-ravaged economy and rise to a new level of economic development.