Causes and symptoms of hemorrhagic syndrome

Cases of hemorrhagic syndrome are quite often found in modern medical practice. Such diseases can be both congenital and acquired, but in any case accompanied by subcutaneous hemorrhage and bleeding of the mucous membranes. So what are the associated diseases of this type, and what methods of treatment does modern medicine use?

The main causes of hemorrhagic syndrome

In most cases, such a disease is associated with a violation of the process of hematopoiesis or diseases of the circulatory system. To date, the causes of hemorrhage are divided into the following groups:

• Some blood diseases, accompanied by a violation of the processes of platelet formation and bleeding. This group includes thrombocytopathy, thrombocytopenia, as well as Verlhof's disease.
• Quite often, the cause of hemorrhagic syndrome is a violation of blood coagulability, which is observed with a deficiency of prothrombin and hemophilia of various types.
• Vascular damage (eg, brittleness of the walls) also leads to minor hemorrhages. Hemorrhagic syndrome occurs with telangiectasia and hemorrhagic vasculitis.
• On the other hand, an uncontrolled intake of certain drugs - anticoagulants and antiaggregants (interfere with the process of platelet aggregation) can lead to the same result .
• There are also so-called psychogenic hemorrhages, which are characteristic of Munchausen's syndrome and some neurotic disorders.

What are the symptoms of hemorrhagic syndrome?

For today it is accepted to allocate 5 forms of a hemorrhagic syndrome, each of which is accompanied by a unique set of symptoms:

• Hematomic form of the syndrome is observed in hemophilia. Such diseases are accompanied by painful hemorrhages in the joints and soft tissues, as well as a gradual disruption of the functioning of the skeleton and muscles.
• In the petechial-spotty type of pathology, painful hemorrhages are observed under the upper layers of the skin, bruising occurs even at the slightest pressure.
• In a mixed hematoma-bruise type, the symptoms of the two forms described above are combined.
• The vasculitic-purple form of the disease is accompanied by the appearance of hemorrhages in the form of erythema. Often, the patient's condition is complicated by intestinal bleeding.
• With angiomatous type, persistent local hemorrhages are observed.

There is also edematous hemorrhagic syndrome, which is diagnosed in newborn children. This is an extremely difficult condition, accompanied by a hemorrhage into the lungs.

Hemorrhagic syndrome: treatment

If it is a question of congenital diseases (hemophilia), then it is completely impossible to cure them. Therefore, patients need constant treatment and follow-up with a doctor. In some cases, hormonal drugs are used that can normalize the processes of blood formation. To stop bleeding, special preparations are used, in particular, aminocaproic acid. With massive blood loss, transfusions of blood plasma are necessary.