"Buratino", "Hurricane", "Smerch", "Typhoon": a system of volley fire. Description and characteristics

In connection with the ongoing clashes in different countries around the world, TV screens constantly broadcast news reports from a hot spot. And very often there are alarming reports about military operations, during which various rocket launchers (MLRS) are actively involved. A person who is in no way connected with the army or the military, it is difficult to navigate in the wide variety of all kinds of military equipment, so in this article we will tell in detail the common man about such death machines as:

• A heavy fire-fighting system based on a tank (TOS) - a multiple rocket fire system "Buratino" (an infrequently used, but very effective weapon).
• The multiple rocket launcher system (MLRS) Grad is a widely used weapon of mass destruction.
• The upgraded and improved "sister" MLRS "Grad" is the Tornado-G rocket launcher (MLRS) system (which the media and people often call Typhoon because of the Typhoon truck used in the combat vehicle).
• The system of salvo fire (MLRS) "Hurricane" - a powerful weapon with a large radius of action, used to defeat virtually any goal.
• Unparalleled in the whole world, unique, evocative awe and the universal missile launcher system (WWRS) "Smerch", used for total annihilation.

"Pinocchio" from an evil fairy tale

In the relatively distant 1971, in the USSR, engineers from the "Design Bureau of Transport Engineering", located in Omsk, presented another masterpiece of military power. It was a heavy fire-fighting system of volley fire "Buratino" (TOSZO). The creation and subsequent improvement of this flamethrower complex was kept under the seal "top secret". The development lasted 9 years, and in 1980 the combat complex, which is a kind of tandem of the T-72 tank and a launcher with 24 tracks, was finally approved and placed in the Armed Forces of the Soviet Army.

"Pinocchio": application

TOSZO "Buratino" is used for arson and significant damage:

• Enemy equipment (with the exception of armored vehicles);
• Multi-storey buildings and other construction projects;
• Various protective structures;
• Manpower.

MLRS (TOS) "Buratino": description

As rocket launcher systems Grad and Hurricane, TOCZO Buratino was first used in the Afghan and in the second Chechen wars. According to the data of 2014, such military machines are in the military forces of Russia, Iraq, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan.

The system of volley fire "Buratino" has the following characteristics:

• The weight of the TOC with a full combat kit is about 46 tons.
• The length of "Pinocchio" is 6.86 meters, width - 3.46 meters, height - 2.6 meters.
• The caliber of shells is 220 millimeters (22 cm).
• For shooting, uncontrolled missiles are used, which can not be controlled after they have been fired.
• The maximum distance of firing is 13.6 kilometers.
• The maximum area of damage after the production of one volley - 4 hectares.
• The number of charges and guides is 24 pieces.
• The aim of the volley is carried out directly from the cabin with the help of a special fire control system, which consists of a laser rangefinder and sight, a roll sensor and a ballistic calculator.
• The missiles for the ROSZO configuration after the volleys are carried out by means of a transport-charging machine (ТЗМ) of the model 9Т234-2, with a crane and a charging device.
• Manage "Pinocchio" 3 people.

As can be seen from the characteristics, only one volley of "Buratino" is able to turn 4 hectares into a blazing hell. Impressive power, is not it?

Precipitation in the form of "Grad"

In 1960, the USSR monopolist for the production of rocket launcher systems and other weapons of mass destruction, the NPO "Splav", launched another secret project and proceeded to develop a completely new MLRS system called "Grad". The introduction of adjustments lasted 3 years, and in the ranks of the Soviet Army MLRS entered in 1963, but on this its improvement did not stop, it continued until 1988.

Grad: application

Like the Uragan MLRS, the Grad rocket launcher system showed such good results in battle that, despite its "advanced age," continues to be widely used today. "Grad" is used to cause a very impressive blow to:

• Artillery batteries;
• Any military equipment, including armored;
• Living force;
• Command points;
• Military-industrial facilities;
• Anti-aircraft complexes.

In addition to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Grad rocket fire system is used by virtually all countries of the world, including almost all the continents of the globe. The largest number of combat vehicles of this type is in the USA, Hungary, Sudan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Vietnam, Bulgaria, Germany, Egypt, India, Kazakhstan, Iran, Cuba, Yemen. The volley fire systems of Ukraine also contain 90 units of "Grad".

MLRS "Grad": description

The multiple rocket launcher system "Grad" features the following:

• The total weight of the MLRS "Grad", ready for battle and equipped with all projectiles, is 13.7 tons.
• The length of the MLRS is 7.35 meters, width - 2.4 meters, height - 3.09 meters.
• The caliber of shells is 122 millimeters (just over 12 cm).
• For firing, base missiles are used with a 122-mm caliber, as well as fragmented blasting explosives, chemical, incendiary and smoke warheads.
• Range of shooting MLRS "Grad" - from 4 to 42 kilometers.
• The maximum area of damage after the production of one volley is 14.5 hectares.
• The number of charges and guides is 40 pieces.
• One volley is carried out in just 20 seconds.
• Full recharge of MLRS "Grad" lasts about 7 minutes.
• The reactive system is put into combat position in no more than 3.5 minutes.
• Recharging MLRS is possible only with the use of a transport-charging machine.
• The sight is realized with the help of a gun panorama.
• Manage "Grad" 3 people.

"Grad" is a system of volley fire, the characteristics of which in our time receive the highest score from the military. Throughout its existence, it was used in the Afghan war, in clashes between Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh, in both the Chechen wars, during the military operations in Libya, South Ossetia and Syria, as well as in the civil war in Donbass (Ukraine), which broke out in 2014 Year.

Attention! Approaching the "Tornado"

"Tornado-G" (as mentioned above, this MLRS is sometimes called mistakenly "Typhoon", therefore, for convenience, both names are given here) - a salvo fire system, which is a modernized version of the MLRS "Grad". Design engineers of the "Splav" plant worked on the creation of this powerful hybrid. "Developments began in 1990 and lasted for 8 years.For the first time the capabilities and power of the reactive system were demonstrated in 1998 at a training ground near Orenburg, after which it was decided to further improve this MLRS To achieve the final result, the developers improved the Tornado-G (Typhoon) within the next 5 years, and the multiple-launch fire system was added to the arsenal of the Russian Federation in 2013. At this point in time, this combatant The machine is only in service with the Russian Federation. "Tornado-G" ("Typhoon") - a system of salvo fire, which has no analogues anywhere.

Tornado: application

MLRS is used in combat to crush such targets as:

• artillery;
• All kinds of enemy equipment;
• Military and industrial structures;
• Antiaircraft complexes.

MLRS "Tornado-G" ("Typhoon"): description

"Tornado-G" ("Typhoon") - a system of volley fire, which due to increased ammunition capacity, greater range and built-in satellite guidance system has surpassed its so-called "older sister" - MLRS "Grad" - 3 times.

Characteristics:

• The weight of the MLRS in full configuration is 15.1 tons.
• The length of the "Tornado-G" - 7.35 meters, width - 2.4 meters, height - 3 meters.
• The caliber of shells is 122 millimeters (12.2 cm).
• The Tornado-G MRSA is universal in that, in addition to the basic projectiles from the Grad GRRS, it is possible to use new-generation ammunition with separable combat cumulative elements filled with cluster explosive elements and high-explosive fragmentation projectiles.
• Range of shot under favorable landscape conditions reaches 100 kilometers.
• The maximum area undergoing destruction after the production of one volley is 14.5 hectares.
• The number of charges and guides is 40 pieces.
• The sight is realized by means of several hydraulic drives.
• One volley is carried out in 20 seconds.
• The deadly machine is ready to work for 6 minutes.
• Shooting is carried out using a remote installation (DU) and an entirely automated fire control system located in the cockpit.
• Crew - 2 people.

The ferocious "Hurricane"

As it happened with most MLRS, the history of "Hurricane" began back in the USSR, or rather, in 1957. "Fathers" MLRS "Hurricane" were Ganichev Alexander Nikitovich and Kalachnikov Yuri. And the first constructed the system itself, and the second developed a combat vehicle.

Hurricane: application

MLRS "Hurricane" is designed to break down such goals as:

• Artillery batteries;
• Any enemy equipment, including armored;
• Living power;
• All kinds of building objects;
• Missile-antiaircraft complexes;
• Tactical missiles.

MLRS "Hurricane": description

For the first time, the Hurricane was used in the Afghan war. It is said that the Mujahideen feared this MRSA before fainting, and even gave it a formidable nickname - "Shaitan-trumpet".

In addition, the system of volley fire "Hurricane", the characteristics of which cause respect among soldiers, visited fighting in South Africa. This is what prompted the military of the African continent to produce developments in the field of MLRS.

At the moment, this MLRS is armed with such countries as: Russia, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Czech Republic, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Poland, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Yemen, Kirghizia, Guinea, Syria, Tajikistan, Eritrea, Slovakia.

The system of volley fire "Hurricane" has the following characteristics:

• The weight of the MLRS in full configuration and combat readiness is 20 tons.
• The length of the "Hurricane" - 9.63 meters, width - 2.8 meters, height - 3.225 meters.
• The caliber of shells is 220 millimeters (22 cm). It is possible to use shells with a monolithic high-explosive warhead, with high-explosive fragmentation elements, anti-tank and anti-personnel mines.
• The shooting range is 8-35 kilometers.
• The maximum area of damage after the production of one volley - 29 hectares.
• The number of charges and guides - 16 pieces, the guides themselves are able to rotate 240 degrees.
• One volley is carried out in 30 seconds.
• Full recharge of MRSK "Uragan" lasts about 15 minutes.
• The combat vehicle goes into combat position in just 3 minutes.
• Recharging MLRS is possible only when interacting with the T3-machine.
• Shooting is carried out either with a portable control panel, or directly from the cockpit.
• The crew is 6 people.

Like the "Smerch" volley fire system, "Hurricane" works in any military conditions, as well as when the enemy uses nuclear, bacteriological or chemical weapons. In addition, the complex is able to function at any time of the day, regardless of the season and temperature fluctuations. "Hurricane" is able to regularly participate in combat actions both in the frost (-40 ° C) and in the debilitating heat (+ 50 ° C). At the destination of the MLRS "Hurricane" can be delivered by water, by air or by rail.

Deadly "Tornado"

The "Smerch" burst fire system, the characteristics of which exceed all available MLRS in the world, was created in 1986 and put into service by the USSR military forces in 1989. This powerful machine of death to this day there are no analogues in any of the countries of the world.

"Tornado": application

This MLRS is used rarely, mainly for total annihilation:

• Artillery batteries of all types;
• Absolutely any military equipment;
• Manpower;
• Communication nodes and command posts;
• Building objects, including military and industrial ones;
• Antiaircraft complexes.

MLRS "Smerch": description

MLRS "Smerch" is available in the armed forces of Russia, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Algeria, Venezuela, Peru, China, Georgia, Kuwait.

The system of volley fire "Smerch" characteristics has these:

• The weight of the MLRS in full configuration and in combat position is 43.7 tons.
• The length of the "Tornado" - 12.1 meters, width - 3.05 meters, height - 3.59 meters.
• The caliber of shells is impressive - 300 millimeters.
• For firing, cluster rockets with a built-in control unit and an additional engine are used, which corrects the direction of the charge along the path to the target. The purpose of the projectiles can be different: from fragmentation to thermobaric.
• The shooting range of MLRS "Smerch" - from 20 to 120 kilometers.
• The maximum area of damage after the production of one volley is 67.2 hectares.
• The number of charges and guides - 12 pieces.
• One volley is carried out in 38 seconds.
• Full re-equipment of the MLRS "Smerch" shells lasts about 20 minutes.
• To combat feats "Tornado" is ready for a maximum of 3 minutes.
• Recharging MLRS is carried out only when interacting with a TK-machine equipped with a crane and a charging device.
• The crew is 3 people.

MLRS "Smerch" is an ideal weapon of mass destruction, capable to work practically in any temperature conditions, day and night. In addition, the shells produced by the Smerch MTR are falling vertically, thereby easily destroying the roofs of houses and armored vehicles. It is almost impossible to hide from the "Smerch", the MLRS burns and destroys everything within its range. Of course, this is not the power of a nuclear bomb, but still the one who owns the "Tornado" owns the world.

The idea of "peace in the world" is a dream. And as long as there are MLRS, unattainable ...