Biography of Lesya Ukrainka: photos and interesting facts

World literature is rich in names of writers and poets, whose work has conquered millions of hearts. Among them is the name of the great Ukrainian poetess, known both at home and abroad. Many are familiar with her poetry. But not everyone knows how interesting and amazing is the biography of Lesya Ukrainka. What was her life like?

The triumph of the human spirit

Biography of Lesya Ukrainka is filled with pain, love, suffering, a string of creative searches, which are reflected in her incredibly talented works. Did anyone really think about the tragedy of her fate? The fact that almost all of her life has passed with the realization of the incurability of a disease that persists over a fragile organism?

Lesia Ukrainka's biography is tragic and surprising. Because of tuberculosis of bones, a woman had to limp her whole life. The disease that caused suffering to herself, prematurely brought into the grave of her lover. The native mother arbitrarily interfered in her creativity and personal life - she allowed herself to edit her texts and never approved her chosen ones.

It's hard to believe that a woman born to a fragile woman can endure all the hardships and hardships that have fallen to her lot. And thus not only keep the unbroken spirit, but also draw strength and inspiration from somewhere to create beautiful works. Many of them, like the biography of Lesya Ukrainka, still remain instructive today. They bear a huge charge of optimism and invincibility of the spirit, they teach good and truth.

Lesja Ukrainka: biography of the Ukrainian writer

Getting acquainted with the biography of Lesya Ukrainka, you understand that it was created for creativity. All of her entourage consisted of people unusually talented, educated, creative.

The closest of her people - her own mother - was a famous Ukrainian poetess and translator who created under the pseudonym of Olena Pchilka. Her real name was Olga Kosach. Another well-known Ukrainian writer, Panas Mirnyi, gave her a nickname because she was familiar with her extraordinary diligence and fruitful creativity.

The mother's brother was a well-known historian and folklorist in Ukraine, an active public figure who stood at the origins of Ukrainian socialism. His name is Mikhail Petrovich Dragomanov.

The house was often visited by prominent representatives of the Ukrainian intelligentsia. Communication with cultured and highly educated people has undoubtedly influenced the overall development of the girl, the formation of a worldview, and also her becoming a future poetess.

Where can you read about her life?

The talented and colorful biography of Lesya Ukrainka in the Ukrainian language is contained in school textbooks and is available for study by students of Ukrainian-language schools. Poetess firmly occupies a prominent place in the cohort of the best writers and poets of Ukraine, the study of creativity is provided for by the school curriculum.

Students of Russian-speaking schools in Ukraine, along with Russian and world, also study Ukrainian literature. They are invited to familiarize Lesia Ukrainka's biography in Ukrainian.

To the services of all Russian-speaking residents of Ukraine, as well as other countries wishing to learn about the life of the poetess, in Russian there are many books and monographs, as well as publications in the media. In addition, the biography of Lesya Ukrainka in Russian (as well as in Ukrainian) is available on the Internet.

Her biography is worthy of attention of many. Valuable is not only the creativity of the poetess, but also her unbending will, the desire to live and love.

A short biography of Lesya Ukrainka. Origin

Her real name is Larisa Petrovna Kosach. She was born on February 13 (according to the new style of the 25th) in 1871 in the city of Novograd-Volynsky in the family of the descendants of the Ukrainian nobleman sergeant-major.

The parents of the future poetess - the natives of the left-bank Ukraine - settled in Volyn in the summer of 1868. From Kiev, the family moved here to their father's new duty station.

The head of the family, Petr Antonovich Kosach, by education a lawyer, a nobleman, was actively engaged in social activities. His career began with the rank of college secretary, for some time served as the leader of the nobility in the Kovel district. From 1901 he was a real state councilor. He became literature and painting. The house regularly gathered artists, musicians, writers, arranged home concerts.

The mother of the poetess, Olga Petrovna Kosach (Dragomanova) is a native of the landed nobility, Ukrainian writer, publicist, ethnographer. As already mentioned, her pseudonym is Olena Pchilka. Active participant of the women's movement, publisher of the almanac "The First Wreath".

A short biography of Lesya Ukrainka in Ukrainian is given in the article below (see the section "About her - in her native language").

Entourage

The brother of her mother (the writer's uncle's uncle) was well-known publicist, folklorist and literary critic, scholar and public figure Mikhail Petrovich Dragomanov. He was a hereditary nobleman, at one time he served as a privat-docent at Kiev University, and then as a professor at the University in Sofia (Bulgaria). Collaborated with Ivan Franko.

Uncle played a leading role in shaping the views of the niece: gave her his socialist beliefs, the ideals of serving the homeland. It was with his help that the future poetess thoroughly studied several foreign languages and was able to get acquainted with the samples of classical world literature.

Aunt Lesya (the so-called future poetess in the family), Elena Antonovna Kosach, was an active revolutionary. In March 1879, for participation in an attempt on one of the gendarmerie ranks, she was exiled to Siberia for 5 years. Lesya responded to this event with her first poem "Hope" (1880).

Early childhood

She was inseparable from her older brother Mikhail. Together, they received home education, dealing with private teachers.

Read Lesya learned at 4 years. Thanks to her mother, she soon became interested in Ukrainian folklore.

Since 1878, her friendship with her father's sister, Aunt Aley, has begun, which left a notable mark in life and in the work of the poetess.

In the same year the family moved to the village Kolodyazhnoye (Volyn), where the father, who was transferred to work in Lutsk, acquires land.

Next year they arrest and detain aunt, Elena Antonovich Kosach, to Siberia.

In 1880, arrested and exiled husband of another aunt, Alexandra Antonovna Kosach (Shimanovskaya), who, along with her two sons, moved to live with her brother's family. Aunt Sasha became for Lesya the first teacher of music.

In the winter of 1881, the girl received a severe cold, as a result of which a serious illness developed that haunted her all her life. Intolerable pains began in the leg, then my hands began to hurt.

Doctors diagnosed rheumatism at first. Symptoms of the disease were neutralized with the help of prescribed medications. But only for a while.

The biography of Lesya Ukrainka in the Ukrainian language contains revelations about what it cost her life to struggle with the persecuting pain and physical suffering. The fragile girl possessed an indestructible character and enormous strength of mind. "I do not cry, I'm laughing," she writes. In Russian these words are translated like this: "So as not to cry, I laughed."

Diagnosis

Kolodyazhnoye village becomes a permanent place of residence for the family. Here younger brothers and sisters are born (the whole family was brought up six children).

In 1883, Lesya and her brother Mikhail lived and studied in Kiev, she was diagnosed with tuberculosis of bones, operated on her arm, as a result of which she had to forget for ever the career of the pianist she dreamed of.

Returns to Kolodyazhnoye, where he improves his health and continues his home education.

Youth

With the help of her mother, she studies European, including Slavic, languages. And also Latin and Ancient Greek. He is fond of painting.

On the level of home education Larissa Kosach testifies to the fact that at the age of 19 she, based on the writings of famous scientists, compiled for her sisters a textbook on ancient history in Ukrainian, which was published many years later (in 1918) in Ekaterinoslav.

She translates a lot into Ukrainian (works by G. Heine, A. Mickiewicz, Homer, V. Hugo, N. Gogol, etc.). And this despite the fact that the disease constantly made itself felt. But the mother raised Lesia strong man, who has no right to succumb to weakness and over express his feelings.

Beginning of creativity

And yet the main thing is the rich biography of Lesya Ukrainka - the poetess's compositions.

In 1884, she began to write actively (in Ukrainian). Her early poems - "Sappho", "Lily of the Valley", "Summer Red Has Come", etc. - publishes the Lviv magazine "Dawn".

Short review of written works

Over time, she will be the author of works of a wide variety of genres in journalism, poetry, prose, drama. Much will work in the field of folklore - with her voice will record more than 200 folk tunes. Will become an active participant in the national movement.

His fame for Lesya Ukrainka will be due to the creation of:

1) poetic collections:

• 1893: "On the wings of the songs";
• 1899th: "Thoughts and dreams";
• 1902nd: "Reviews";

2) poems:

• 1893-th: "The Old Fairy Tale";
• 1903-th: "One word";

3) dram:

• 1913-th: "Boyarynya";
• 1907-th: "Cassandra";
• 1905: "In the Catacombs";
• 1911-th: "Forest Song", etc.

But it will be later. In the meantime ...

Maturity

Beginning in 1891 she traveled to Galicia, Bukovina, met many outstanding figures of Western Ukrainian culture: V. Stefanik, I. Franko, A. Makovei, O. Kobylianska, N. Kobrinskaya.

During the year (1894-1895) he lives with his uncle Mikhail Dragomanov in Sofia.

Heavy illness forces her to be treated at resorts in Egypt, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary. Repeatedly the poetess visited the Caucasus, in Odessa, in the Crimea. Travel enriched her impressions and broadened her horizons.

In the spring of 1907, together with her fiancé Klimenty Kvitka, she visits Alupka, Yalta, and Sevastopol.

In August this year they formally register a marriage. They live in Kiev for some time, then move to the Crimea, where Kvitka manages to get a position in court.

Last years

Her illness progressed inexorably. Tuberculosis of bones became acute, and an incurable disease of kidneys was added to it.

She found the strength for creativity, overcoming severe suffering and pain.

Together with her husband she collected folklore, processed her own dramas. During the treatment in the Caucasus, a drama-extravaganza "Forest Song" was created, a dramatic poem "Orgy", a lyric-epic triptych dedicated to Ivan Franko.

After learning about the aggravated illness of her daughter, a mother comes to Georgia, who writes down under her dictation the last, remaining unfinished drama - "On the shores of Alexandria".

The great Ukrainian poet died on July 19 (August 1) 1913 in the Georgian city of Surami. She was 42 years old. Buried in Kiev at the Baykovoye cemetery.

About her - in her native language

Lesia Ukrainka's biography in Ukrainian, which we cite in the article, briefly conveys the information already presented about her life. The native language of the poet will allow her spirit to penetrate and better understand her inner world:

"Lesya Ukrainka - pseudonym of the Ukrainian literature, poetsi, perekladacha, cultural diyacha. Справжнє ім'я - Лариса Петрівна Kosach.

She was born on the 25th of August 1871 in the town of Novograd-Volinskoye near the noble family. Mati potebi bula vidomoyu writing, scho created pid pseudonimom - Olena Pchilka. Batko buv visokosvіchenim pomishchikom. Дядько Лесі - відомий вчений, історик Mykhailo Drahomanov.

At the house Kosachiv nerіd zborilisya tsіkavі, osvіchenі gostі, vashshtovuvalysya kontsernyi kontsiti і svyata, uchasnikom yakikh stali diti.

Lesya navchalasya private vchitelіv. At 6 rockiv vmila vzhe well vizivati.

1881-th heavily zahvoril on tuberculosis kistok.

Through the camp of zhmushena zmushena turn from Kiєva, de novchalasya at once із brother at privatnyh vchitilіv, to Kolodyazhny (rіdnyi matyotok na Volinі). З допомогою матері вивчає іноземні мови (французьку, німецьку та інші).

At 1884 rozpochinaetsya її is active діяльність як потеси. Львівське видавництво «Зоря» друкує перші вірші: «Конвалія», Сафо »та інші.

1885 to come Ії український переклад творів Миколи Гоголя.

Nadalya won the bagato: Homer, Heine, Mickiewicz, Hugo.

At 19 rock, she created a small town for her sisters.

З 1891-го багато мандрує Галичиною, країнами Європи, відвідує Грузію, Італію, Єгипет. Знаюмиться з відомими діячами світової та української культури. Acts of the hour live in the Union with the uncle.

Often, they are happy with the health of their writing. Alya stubbly th extensively rosshiryuyut її кругозір та надихають на творчість. Її поезія - чарівні збірки віршів: "Відгуки", Осіння казка "," На крилах пісень "," Пісні about will ", drama of the" Kasandra ", drama-fairy" Lisova пісня "та інші - просякнуті любов'ю до свого народу That yogi of ignorance, with a vorobyuvati's response, I steal a share.

At serpnі vona pobiraetsya z Klimentіm Kvіtkoiu, which is її shroro kohav. Young people live in Krim. For pidozroyu nevoznanichnost rik on that on the apartment zdіysnyuetsya gendarme obshuk, viluchayutsya books.

Останні роки життя Лесі Укрїнки to pass at the roadside та лікуванні. Вона відвідує Yalta, Batumi, Тбілісі, Київ, Одесу, Євпаторію, їзздить на консультації до Берліну, лікується у Єгипті.

Pomeressa died 19 linden 1913 rock at the height of 42 rocky at the Surami (Georgia).

Her motto

The leitmotif of creativity and the slogan of the whole life of Lesya Ukrainka can be considered her words:

"Nі, I want kriz slyozi smіsyas,

Серед лиха співати пісні,

Without nadії taki spodіvatis,

I want to live! Get dumi sumni! "

Her biography is interesting and amazing

Readers keen on the work of a writer or a poet, having read the official biography, want to get to know him more closely, they search in biographies details in which their idol would appear brighter, more diverse. Here are some interesting facts from the biography of Lesya Ukrainka.

According to the connoisseurs of her life and work, the poetess was very fond of "cooking". She cooked strawberry and cherry jam in the summer. And one day she brought and planted two cornel bush. They still bear fruit. But the jam from their berries is cooked now by the museum staff in the village Kolodyazhnoe.

According to the memoirs of relatives, in moments of enlightenment, when she let go of the disease, she baked wonderful lemon mazurkas.

There were painful protracted, in a few months, periods when Lesya because of illness could not even get out of bed. But she did not lose heart, plunged into creativity, developed her talent.

Her relationships with men - bright, sincere and surprisingly beautiful - deserve a separate book. Her first real love, which overtook Lesya at the age of 15, was Maxim Slavinsky (18 years old). This love was reflected in her work, but the relationship was not long.

A painful wound in her heart was left in 1897 by Nestor Gambarashvili, a young Georgian student who lived at the Kosachi. They taught each other languages: she told him - French, he told it - Georgian. When Nestor married another, Lesya's despair was boundless. After 45 years, the former lover mourned her love on her grave.

Sergei Merzhinsky - a man who left in her life the deepest trace. They met at the resort and quickly found a common language, despite the fact that Lesya then experienced such hellish pains that she was sometimes forced to fall on a bench and sit still for a long time.

She could not reciprocate, for she sincerely believed that because of her illness she would be a burden to her beloved. He reconciled himself to what would remain her only friend.

But the disease struck Merzhinsky. She is seriously ill, Lesya is looking for a means to cure her beloved, is on duty at his bed day and night. But the severe form of tuberculosis is progressing, and Sergei is dying in her arms. Lesya will always cherish his love for him. From now on she wears only black clothes.

Six years later, on literary readings, she meets Clement Kvitka, a famous musician and folklorist. Merzhinsky continued to live in her heart, but she accepts the offer of Kvitka. Their marriage lasts six years and ends with the death of the poetess.

They say that Clement loved Lesya so much that from time to time he sold his belongings and belongings to provide her with medical treatment. He could not forgive his wife's early departure. After her death, Kvitka lived another forty years, suffering and reproaching her for leaving her alone.

Lesya Ukrainka's biography (as well as her work) is bright, talented, unforgettable. A series of ecstasy and suffering, poetic inspiration and struggle with the disease, creative achievements and spiritual disappointments, high spiritual achievements and love losses. One of the best poets and writers of Ukraine, she was remembered not only for her brilliant works, but also for her ineradicable desire to really live and love.