Basic theses of Darwin's theory

Find out where all the living things on Earth came from - a difficult task, over which humanity has been fighting for a long time. There are quite a lot of hypotheses, from the theological (divine) to the fantastic (the theory of the creation of the world by alien beings). In this case, one of the most popular until now was proposed in the 19 century by Charles Darwin. Its essence lies in the fact that all species of life on Earth (including man) appeared in the course of evolution, gradually adopting its present form. Someone agrees with this hypothesis, some do not, but its significance for the whole of science as a whole is undeniable.

The main provisions of Darwin's evolutionary theory are as follows. All living species on the planet have never been created. Organic forms that arose naturally, gradually changed in accordance with the conditions surrounding them. This transformation is based on heredity, variability and natural selection. The last Darwin was named as a struggle for existence. As a result of evolution, a variety of different species appeared in nature, while they are all maximally adapted in the environment in which they are located.

The main provisions of Darwin's theory are described in his book, published in 1859. Here the scientist clearly demonstrated how minor changes in individual organisms lead to the transformation of domestic animals and agricultural plants. As a result, a person chooses the species that are most valuable to him, and receives from them offspring. A similar process, the scientist believes, occurs in nature. In his book Darwin describes the origin of species as a long natural process, however, absolutely nonrandom.

So, the variability can be of two types: definite and indefinite. The first arises as a result of the influence of external factors on the body, and, as a rule, if they disappear, then the next generation these features no longer manifest. Uncertain variability is inherited regardless of environmental conditions. It is she who is the driving factor of the development of species.

The main provisions of Darwin's theory are based on the fact that the material of evolution is hereditary variability. It leads to the fact that the individual has successful or unsuccessful properties as a result of crossing it with a close appearance. Modern biology has introduced the name "mutations."

In the struggle for existence, those organisms that have less adaptability to environmental conditions either die or start to multiply less. The closer in structure to the individuals on the same territory, the greater the competition between them, resulting in many of them dying. In life there are basically those who acquire different properties (they use a variety of food, remedies, attacks, etc.). As a result of divergence (divergence of characteristics), splitting of one species into varieties can occur, which can eventually become an independent unit.

The main provisions of Darwin's theory suggest that dwelling in stable conditions leads to a slowdown in evolution. That is, it is global climate change that can lead to the appearance of a new species, which differs significantly from its supposed ancestors. The scientist cites many proofs that it is natural selection that determines the fitness of organisms to the changing environmental conditions. For example, in animals it is coloring, in some plants and trees - the ability to reproduce by dispersing seeds and fruits, etc.

It should be noted that the main provisions of Darwin's theory are sufficiently important for the further development of science. His works are still being studied, and a large number of studies and experiments are conducted on them.