Baroque style in architecture

Baroque architecture took a period of about 200 years and conquered the countries of Europe, America. This style, in addition to architecture, embraced all types of art from the 16th to the 18th century , especially in the theater and painting.

The roots of baroque can be traced in the Renaissance. The first majestic ensemble was the Belvedere courtyard in Vatican Bramante. It was built in a single style, in which various buildings were made: ancient sculptures, a library, a regular garden and a theater. We can say that this is a baroque prototype in architecture, because the forms themselves are balanced and calm.

Villa Julia for the pontiff Julius III was executed by the architect Vignola with all the features and elements inherent in this style. Already in the later works of Michelangelo, researchers note the emotional saturation, tension and giant dimensions created by the architect and characterizing the Baroque style in architecture. He expresses power and wealth, for it is not in vain in translation that this word means some kind of licentiousness, depravity and a tendency to excess. The center of this culture was Italy.

Mannerism left its contribution to the Baroque style in architecture. Masters of this direction, despite all its whims and shortcomings, picked up the main trends inherent in this style, passing them to the architects of the so-called early Baroque: Domenico Fontana, Carlo Moderna and Giacomo Porta. It was in those times that the needs of society were reflected in the majestic city palaces, monasteries, country villas with baroque gardens and palaces. The facade of the Roman church of Ile Gesu becomes an image that is supported in the construction of most churches not only in Italy, but also in France, Belarus, Ukraine,

Baroque style in architecture in the era of Mannerism inherited the attraction to everything amazing, surprising and unusual. Especially it is reflected in the landscapes of parks and gardens. Unusual structures, such as an open-air theater, a giant sculpture or a grotesque giant mask, amaze with their unusual and exotic details. This period is characterized by the creation of offices with the first museum compositions and collections. Also, the appearance of greenhouses with overseas plants, unusual collections of minerals and engravings is tracked.

The next generation is noted for the unbeatable virtuoso of Borromini - an amazing designer, draftsman and builder. He boldly departed from the classical canons, the old rules and authoritative decisions. He builds the unprecedented complexity of the building and, rather, is the heir of Michelangelo, rather than Bernini or Cortona.

I would also like to mention such a master of baroque in architecture as Yuvar. It strengthens the expressiveness of the palaces with the risalitas, diagonal constructions, plays with different volumes. In his period, the decor is more restrained, filled with columns, pilasters and rusts, which are reflected in the classicism, but they retain beauty, grandeur and diversity in the Baroque style. Masterpieces of Juvara - these are extraordinary expressive silhouettes of the Stupinigi Castle, the Royal Madrid Palace and the Basilica of Superga.

Russian Baroque architecture reflected the strengthening and growth of the noble monarchy and had to be on the 1st floor. XVIII century. He has a number of national characteristics. Russian Baroque differed from the bright Italian simplicity of buildings, structural clarity, close connection between the constructive basis and decor elements. Russian Baroque architecture has a major character, it actively uses bright colors of color, bold coloristic contrasts and gilding. This style of art has reached a grand scale in the manor and city ensembles of Tsarskoe Selo, Peterhof, Petersburg, etc., differing in the integrity and solemn clarity of architectural complexes and compositions of buildings. His brightest representatives were Rastrelli, Ukhtomsky, Zemtsov.