Anchor dowel: types, application, GOST

Currently, no construction or repair can not do without the use of such a fastening element as an anchor dowel. This is a metal part that is twisted, laid, or jammed into a pre-prepared hole in a solid base.

These fasteners are as much an integral part in the construction and repair work as nails or screws. The market is replete with various kinds of similar parts. What is an anchor, what kinds does it have and where it is applied?

A bit of history

The first anchor dowel was invented and patented by engineer D. Rawlings in 1913. And in 1958, his German colleague Arthur Fisher invented nylon sleeves for such fasteners. Before that wooden "chopiki" were used.

What is such a fastener?

The anchor is translated from German as an "anchor". This is a fastening element, which is designed to hold any structures in the supporting bases. Fastening of the anchor in the base is due to the expansion of the outer parts, by clogging or twisting in them a dowel or bolt. Such elements provide a reliable and high-quality connection. They are able to endure quite large loads.

Anchor dowel (GOST 28778-90) consists of two parts. This is a spacer and not a spacer. The first is working. It expands in the process of clogging or twisting and thus provides a reliable fastening. Also, the anchor dowel has a cuff that prevents complete immersion in the hole. It can be secret, have different shapes: round or cylindrical.

Types and classification of dowels

Anchor fasteners differ in purpose, type of installation, materials of manufacture. The classification is quite simple. So, on purpose, anchor dowels are divided into two types. The first is the designation on the grounds:

• For sheet materials (plywood, OSB, GKL, chipboard). Such dowels are popularly called "butterflies" because of their characteristic shape. Such an anchor fastener is suitable for the installation of lightweight structures on hollow walls. For fixing heavier structures from sheet materials, it is necessary to use a dowel with external thread. These elements are twisted into sheets GKL and further reliably hold any designs.
• For porous or cellular substrates. Such are hollow bricks, cellular blocks, foam concrete, etc. These dowels are made of soft plastic materials. They have an elongated spacer.
• For dense full-bodied materials. These include concrete, solid brick, stone, etc. Types of fasteners for such bases can be made of both metal and plastic. They have a long, non-spreading part.

With regard to the designation for use, according to it, furniture, frame and facade dowels are distinguished. Particularly worth noting elements for thermal insulation materials, in the slang of builders they are called "mushrooms". These types of fasteners are made of plastic. They have a wide bonnet, designed to connect the thermal insulation slabs to the base. Facade and frame dowels have an elongated, non-spreading part. They are designed for fastening heavy structures. They are made, as a rule, from metal.

Materials of manufacture

In the technology of production of anchor dowels, various types of materials can be used. But most often it is steel or other alloys and plastic (nylon, polypropylene, etc.). As a rule, an anchor anchor dowel is used to fasten heavy structures, which in the future will carry loads. It can be windows, doors or elements of facade systems, as well as various structural elements. Steel anchors are also used for fixing foundation elements. They are made of alloy steels and are able to withstand heavy loads.

Plastic anchor dowels are used for the installation of lighter structures. These are different objects from the profile for GCR. Anchors with nylon dowels also occupied their niche in domestic applications. For example, they are used for fixing fixtures, various decor elements, paintings, lingerie cords and ropes. In such fastening elements, the caps are replaced with hooks, rings and other elements for various purposes. At the same time plastic dowels are used for hollow or cellular bases.

Types of anchors by type of installation

They are different:

1. Mortgage. Anchor fasteners, which is designed for heavy loads. It is mounted in the frame of a building or a wall in the process of its erection.
2. Spacious. Mounting metal assembly, which is also designed for heavy loads. It is popular in construction, finishing and repair work. Mounted due to the frictional force of the element (liner or spring ring) installed in the structure, which is bolted by the translational motion of the bolt.
3. Wedge. Attaches the parts to the base. It has a metal rod with a spacer: a clutch, a conical tail and a nut.
4. Driving. In such dowels a nail with special notches is used, which prevent its reverse exit.
5. Framed. Such an anchor dowel is used for fastening plastic and wooden frames. This is a lightweight version of fasteners with a special head shape, which allows you to equalize the mounting structure to the base.

End-to-end installation method

This method is used for fixing structural elements, when the dowel passes through the "body" of fixed materials. Details for this method should have a small (short) spacer. It should be noted that during the through installation, special rules must be observed. An anchor dowel should be so long that 2/3 of it is at the bottom, and 1/3 - in the body of the structure. Otherwise, this method of installation is ineffective.

Preliminary installation method

This option involves the installation of the dowel in the base for the entire length. Mount the fastening elements in pre-drilled holes. Its diameter should correspond to the diameter of the dowel. The length is 3-5 mm larger. Such a stock is needed so that the dust and crumb that forms during the drilling of the hole does not prevent the dowel from completely plunging into it.