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Afghan statesman Mohammad Najibullah: biography, history and life

Devotee many times, Mohammad Najibullah found the strength not to betray his people and his country. The terrible execution of the former president shocked not only his supporters, but also the enemies, angered the entire Afghan people.

Biography

Mohammed Najibullah is a statesman, president of Afghanistan from 1986 to 1992. He was born in the village of Milan, near the town of Gardez, on August 6, 1947. His father Akhtar Mohammad worked in the consulate of Peshawar, the grandfather - the leader of the tribe Ahmedzai. Childhood Mohammad Najibullah held near the Pakistan-Afghan border, he graduated from high school.

In 1965 Najibullah joined the democratic party and headed the illegal democratic society of students. In 1969, he was arrested for calling on the people to prepare for an uprising, participating in demonstrations and strikes. In January 1970, he was again arrested, this time for insulting the United States of America and acting contrary to the neutrality of the country. During the demonstration, he and his students showered Spiro Agnew, the vice-president of the United States, with eggs.

The First Exile

In 1975, Mohammad Najibullah graduated from the Medical University in Kabul, after which he concentrated even more on the activities of the party, in 1977 he was appointed a member of the Central Committee of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. After the revolution in Saur, he headed the revolutionary council and the party committee in Kabul. But disagreements inside the party forced him to leave the capital, Najibullah was sent to Iran as an ambassador. But in October 1978 he was removed from office and deprived of citizenship, as a result of which Mohammad Najibullah was forced to leave for Moscow, where he was hiding until December 1979, while the Soviet troops did not enter the territory of Afghanistan.

Homecoming

Back in the country, Najibullah began to lead the security service, increasing its staff to thirty thousand employees, before the security service worked only 120 people. However, even here he was not allowed to work quietly, many organizations, including Amnesty International, accused him of involvement in unlawful arrests, torture and human rights violations. But there was no evidence of any accusations, during his service in Khad there was no such mass terror and extermination of his own people, as under Amin's rule.

Afghan: Mohammad Najibullah - President of the country

November 30, 1986 Najibullah was elected president of Afghanistan. But with his coming to the leadership of the country in the party, a split began again: some supported Karmal, others - the incumbent president. In order to somehow reconcile the warring parties, in January 1987 they adopted the declaration "On National Reconciliation". The declaration prescribes the completion of active military operations and the settlement of the conflict through peaceful negotiations.

In December 1989, a few days after the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, the Mujahideen launched an offensive against Jalalabad. Mohammad Najibullah declared a state of emergency in the country. On March 5, 1990, the trial of the arrested Khalkists began. In response, Defense Minister Shahnavaz Tanay organized an armed insurrection. Hiding in one of the bunkers, Mohammad Najibullah ordered the suppression of the mutiny, by the beginning of March, resistance was suppressed. The organizer of the insurgency fled to Pakistan, where he later joined the Hekmatyar gang.

Betrayal from all sides

In 1990, Shevardnadze proposed the liquidation of the Commission on Work in Afghanistan, approved its decision, and ceased the supply of weapons at the same time. Thus, the country remained without the support of the USSR, and with it, President Najibullah Mohammad. Political science - science is changeable and unstable, the next blow was inflicted by the United States. In 1991, James Baker signed a decree on ending the supply of arms and ammunition to the conflicting parties in Afghanistan. This greatly weakened Najibullah's influence. On April 16, 1992, Najibullah transferred his post to Abdur Rahim Hathef, who temporarily acted as president. And in April of the same year General Dostum organized a coup that led the mujahideen to power.

In the fall of 1992, the generals Hekmatyar and Masud accused each other of treason and left military equipment and weapons depots and left Kabul. Then the USSR liquidated its embassy in Afghanistan. Najibullah and his supporters offered political asylum to a number of countries, including Russia and the United States, but he decided to stay in Kabul, not wanting to leave the country in such a difficult time.

Before the capture of the city, he managed to transfer his wife with children and a sister in Delhi. In Kabul, his brother Shapur Ahmadzai, the head of the guard of Jafsar, the head of Tuhi's office and Najibullah Mohammad, remained. The life journey forced the former president of the country to take refuge in the Indian embassy, and then in the UN office. The governments of the country, constantly changing in 1995 and 1996, demanded to extradite Najibullah. The heavier was the blow inflicted on former allies. Kozyrev (Foreign Minister) said that Moscow does not want to have any affairs with the remnants of the past regime in Afghanistan.

The last Hero

On 26 September 1996, the Taliban seized the capital of Afghanistan, Kabul, Najibullah and his supporters were taken out of the UN office. He was offered to sign a document recognizing the Pakistani-Afghan border, but he refused. After the most severe torture, former President Mohammad Najibullah was sentenced to death. The execution took place on September 27, Nadjibullah and his brother were tied to a car and dragged to the presidential palace, where they were then hung.

Bury Najibullah according to the customs of Islam, the Taliban was banned, but the people still remembered and honored his memory: people in Peshawar and Quetta secretly read his prayers. When his body was handed over to the Red Cross, the Ahmadzai tribe, in which his grandfather was the leader, buried him in his home town of Gardez.

On the twelfth anniversary of Najibullah's death, a meeting was held for the first time in order to honor his memory. The head of the party of Afghanistan, Vatan, Jabarkhel, suggested that Mohammad Najibullah was killed by enemies and opponents of the people on orders from outside. A poll conducted in 2008 showed that 93.2% of the population were supporters of Najibullah.

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