What is the epidemic and epizootics? Epiphytoty is a dangerous enemy!

Almost every year, humanity faces a new wave of morbidity. Most often these are seasonal infectious outbreaks. But in addition to the ailments that people suffer, similar problems occur in the animal and plant kingdoms. In this regard, sometimes you have to hear arguments about the epidemic, epizootics, epiphytoty. But what do these concepts mean and how much damage can they do?

Mass diseases

The word "epidemic" can mean several meanings associated with human infection. But in medical circles, it means the emergence of an infectious disease that has spread widely across the territory and the incidence rate is much higher than usual. It is worth noting that the epidemic can be of a different nature depending on the pathogen, which are always living microorganisms related to pathogenic or, as they are called, pathogens. When infected with such a pathogen, there is a reaction with the body, as a result, we call this condition an infection. There are four types of microbes that cause this painful process. These include:

1. Viruses (cause yellow fever, smallpox, etc.).
2. Rickettsia (fever, typhus , etc.).
3. Bacteria (tetanus, cholera, plague, etc.).
4. Fungi.

Definition of epizootic and epiphytoty

In addition to mass human diseases, there are other types of infections, from which not only people are affected. So, a lot of cases of the spread of parasitic diseases in the animal world have been registered. This is exposed to birds, wild animals, pets and cattle. Infection with infection occurs mainly in a certain area, with the number of affected population exceeding the usual indicators. This phenomenon is called an epizootic. Also, some people know such a word as epiphytoty. This concept implies the massive emergence of infectious infection of plants. Each disease has its own characteristics, which are differently reflected in the plantations. Such damage is caused by bacteriosis, mycosis, viroz, flower parasites, mycoplasmas and nematodes (microscopic worms).

Consequences of infection of plants

On a certain territory, epiphytoty is revealed from external manifestations. This can be wilting, decay, raids, plant-specific blemishes and other signs. As a result, there is a slowdown or stopping growth, a meager crop or a complete absence of it, it is possible the death of the plant. The most significant damage is caused by fungi (mycosis), since this type of infection occurs most often. It is worth noting that epiphytoty is an "insidious enemy" that can break out again with renewed vigor. This happens, because in the foci of infection, the soil can accumulate an infection, it can also remain in fallen leaves, stumps or felling residues. Parasitic fungi again "attack" a weakened plant or one that has mechanical damage.

Risk factors

Of course, one can not predict where and at what time the infection of plants will occur. But it is known that if certain conditions coincide, epiphytoty can arise. This phenomenon can be prevented to some extent. So, there must be a sufficient number of infectious pathogens for infection, for example, it can be disputes. In this case, they must have considerable aggressiveness. The second condition is that in one area there are many weakened or susceptible to this disease plants. Also, the surrounding factors play a role, it can be moisture and temperature. Such a medium promotes the accelerated spread of the pathogen and the weakening of the plant itself. If it is possible to take into account all these factors, then epiphytoty can to some extent be a predictable phenomenon. To this infection subsided, it is necessary to improve the health of plants, and for planting sustainable species are selected. In addition, epiphytoty begins to fade with a reduction in the stock of the pathogen and a decrease in its aggressiveness, as well as in changing weather in a more favorable direction. The duration of epiphytoty always fluctuates. Some diseases may fade at the end of the season, while others can not leave alone for many years.

Types of epiphytoties

Such infectious infections can have varieties that differ in their spread and their characteristics.

Local epiphytoty usually occupies one territory for several years. Such diseases for a long period are saved in the soil, on weeds, fallen remains, etc. The onset of such infection occurs slowly and gradually spreads. But if the accumulated infection is many, and the plants are susceptible, the disease flares up much faster.

Progressive epiphytotics begin with a single focus and in one summer strike a vast territory. They can be transmitted not only by air, but by insects.

Pervasive epiphytoty basically covers the whole country, and even the continent. This phenomenon happens very rarely.

In addition to these three types, there are slow and fast developing epiphytoties.