Useful and harmful bacteria. What are the most dangerous bacteria for humans?

The word "bacteria" in most people is associated with something unpleasant and with a threat to health. At best, we recall dairy products. In the worst - dysbiosis, plague, dysentery and other troubles. And bacteria are everywhere, they are bad and good. What can hide microorganisms?

What are bacteria?

Bacteria in translation from Greek means "stick." This name does not mean that harmful bacteria are meant. This name was given to them because of the form. Most of these single cells look like sticks. They are also in the form of triangles, squares, star cells. For a billion years, bacteria do not change their appearance, they can only change internally. They can be mobile and still. The bacterium consists of one cell. Outside, it is covered with a thin shell. This allows her to keep in shape. Inside the cell there is no nucleus, chlorophyll. There are ribosomes, vacuoles, cytoplasmic outgrowths, protoplasm. The largest bacterium was found in 1999. It was called "The Gray Pearl of Namibia". The bacterium and the bacillus mean the same, but they have different origins.

Human and Bacteria

In our body, there is a constant struggle, which is led by harmful and beneficial bacteria. Thanks to this process, a person gets protection from various infections. Various microorganisms surround us at every step. They live on clothes, fly in the air, they are omnipresent.

The presence of bacteria in the mouth, and this is about forty thousand microorganisms, protects the gum from bleeding, from periodontal disease and even from angina. If a woman's microflora is disturbed, she may have gynecological diseases. Observance of elementary rules of personal hygiene will help to avoid such failures.

The state of the microflora completely depends on the human immunity. Only in the gastrointestinal tract is almost 60% of all bacteria. The rest are located in the respiratory system and in the genital. In man lives about two kilograms of bacteria.

The appearance of bacteria in the body

The newly born baby has a sterile intestine. After his first breath, many microorganisms get into the body, which he had not previously known. When the baby is first applied to the breast, the mother transmits with the milk useful bacteria that will help normalize the intestinal microflora. It's not for nothing that doctors insist that the mother immediately feed his baby right after the birth of her baby. They also recommend prolonging such feeding as long as possible.

Useful bacteria

Useful bacteria are: lactic acid, bifidobacteria, E. coli, streptomycents, mycorrhizas, cyanobacteria.

All of them play an important role in human life. Some of them prevent the emergence of infections, others are used in the manufacture of medicines, while others maintain a balance in the ecosystem of our planet.

Types of harmful bacteria

Harmful bacteria can cause a person a number of serious diseases. For example, diphtheria, anthrax, sore throat, plague and many others. They are easily transmitted from the infected person through the air, food, touch. It is harmful bacteria, the names of which will be listed below, spoil the food. From them there is an unpleasant smell, there is rotting and decomposition, they cause diseases.

Bacteria can be Gram-positive, Gram-negative, rod-shaped.

Names of harmful bacteria

Harmful bacteria can stay in the body for a long time and suck in useful substances from it. At the same time they can cause an infectious disease.

The most dangerous bacteria

One of the most resistant bacteria is methicillin. He is known more by the name "Staphylococcus aureus" (Staphylococcus aureus). This microorganism can cause not one, but several infectious diseases. Some species of these bacteria are resistant to powerful antibiotics and antiseptics. Strains of this bacterium can live in the upper parts of the respiratory tract, in the open wounds and urinary canals of every third inhabitant of the Earth. For a person with strong immunity, this is not a danger.

Harmful bacteria for humans are also pathogens called Salmonella typhi. They are the causative agents of acute intestinal infection and typhoid fever. Such types of bacteria, harmful to humans, are dangerous in that they produce toxic substances that are extremely dangerous for life. During the course of the disease, the organism becomes intoxicated, a very strong fever, rashes on the body, the liver and spleen increases. The bacterium is very resistant to various external influences. He lives well in water, on vegetables, fruits and perfectly multiplies in products from milk.

To the most dangerous bacteria is also the bacterium Clostridium tetan. It produces a poison called tetanus exotoxin. People who become infected with this pathogen experience terrible pains, cramps and very seriously die. The disease is called tetanus. Despite the fact that the vaccine was created back in 1890, every year on Earth 60,000 people die from it.

And another bacterium that can lead to human death is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It causes tuberculosis, which is resistant to the effects of drugs. If you do not make timely calls for help, you can die.

Measures to prevent the spread of infections

Harmful bacteria, the names of microorganisms are studied from the student's bench by physicians of all directions. Healthcare annually looks for new methods for preventing the spread of infections that are dangerous to human life. If you follow the preventive measures, you will not have to spend your energy trying to find new ways to fight such diseases.

To do this, it is necessary to identify the source of infection in time, determine the range of cases and possible victims. It is necessary to isolate those who are infected and to disinfect the source of infection.

The second stage is the destruction of ways through which harmful bacteria can be transmitted. To do this, conduct appropriate propaganda among the population.

Under the control take objects of food, ponds, warehouses with food storage.

Everyone can resist harmful bacteria, in every possible way strengthening their immunity. Healthy way of life, observance of elementary rules of hygiene, protection of oneself during sexual intercourse, use of sterile disposable medical instruments and equipment, complete restriction from communication with people who are in quarantine. If you get into the epidemiological area or into the center of infection, you must strictly comply with all the requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological services. A number of infections are equated with their effects on bacteriological weapons.