Turkic Khaganate

The Turkic Kaganate existed from 552 to 745 years. This state was based on the territory of Central Asia. Ancient Turks joined the tribe in 460. Ashina - one of the tribes of the Huns - fell under the power of the Zhuzhan tribe and was relocated to the Altai from Eastern Turkestan. In Altai, an alliance of local peoples was formed, which took the name "Turk". In 545, this nation defeated the Uighur tribes, in 551 - the zhuzhans themselves. Bumyn (Turkic leader) proclaimed himself a kagan.

By 555 g all peoples settled in Central Asia, including the Yenisei Kyrgyz and Khitan in Western Manchuria, were conquered by the Altai tribal union. The headquarters of the kagan was transferred to the upper reaches of Orkhon, where the formation of the Orkhon Turks was formed.

In the 560s, the state of the Ephtalites was defeated. And at the beginning of the second half of the 6th century, the Turkic Kaganate conquered the North Chinese states of Qi and Zhou, and then began a war with Iran for control of the Silk Road. A successful campaign against the Iranians allowed in 571 to expand the borders of the state. Thus, the Turkic Khaganate began to occupy the territory to the Amu Darya River, and in 588-589. The state was joined by separate territories on its western coast. By 576, the Turkic kaganate captured the Bosporus, and in 581 led the siege of Chersonesus.

The growth of the wealth and power of the aristocracy, the desire of this class to manage the captured territories autonomously, provoked an internecine political struggle. It continued in the state from 582 to 603 years. The situation was aggravated by interference in the internal affairs of the emperors of China (from the Sui dynasty). As a result, the state split into two parts: the Eastern (Central Asian) and the Western Turkic Khaganate (Central Asian).

The eastern part of the state has strengthened influence on the territory of Central Asia. At that time Kagan Shibi ruled. In wars with China, this ruler defended and preserved the independence of the state.

The next kagan - Heli - made sixty-seven marches into the territory of China. Due to the uprisings of the subordinate tribes, dissatisfied with the despotism of state rule, the East Turkic Khaganate was defeated in the war with China in 630. As a result, the eastern Turks were under the rule of the Chinese emperors. The revolt in 681 contributed to a new revival of the state.

Kapagan was able to expand the state borders of the Eastern Khaganate. The territory of the state began to stretch from Manchuria to the Syr Darya. Campaigns were also made to Samarkand. However, the Turks suffered a defeat in the wars with the Arabs in 712-713.

Kagan Bilge and his brother Kultegin defended the independence of their state in the battles with the Tang empire and its allied states. After Bilge's death, internecine strife began in the state. Internal confrontations led to the disintegration of the East Turkic Khaganate, in the place of which the Uyghur state arose. It lasted from 745 to 840.

The western part of the Kaganate under the rulers of Sheguya and Ton-yabgu stretched across a vast territory in Central Asia. The state was limited by the rivers Amudarya and Tarim. The rate of the kagans of the western state was located in Suyab. In 630 the struggle for the throne began. This struggle went into a protracted war. In this confrontation involved two tribal associations - Nushibi and Dulu.

Kagan Yshbar Hilash divided the state into ten "arrows". This reform, the ruler tried to stop the internecine struggle. However, the struggle continued.

The Chinese army invaded the territory of the Western Khaganate in the years 658-569. By 704, the state managed to free itself from the power of China. But the invasions of the northern tribes, as well as internal confrontations, led to the death of the state in 740.

The Turkic Khaganate was of great importance in the consolidation of the Turkic tribes inhabiting Eurasia.