The development of culture in modern Russia. Features of the culture of modern Russia

The modern culture of Russia of the 21st century requires a multilateral and in-depth consideration. It is closely connected with the past centuries. Her current state of culture is directly related to the accumulated experience. Perhaps outwardly she somewhat denies it, to some extent even plays with him. Further, let us take a closer look at the current state of culture in Russia.

General information

The culture of modern Russia is part of the world. It transforms, processes and absorbs new trends. Thus, in order to trace the development of culture in modern Russia, it is necessary to pay attention to world phenomena in general.

Today's situation

Today, the problems of modern culture in Russia are of paramount importance. First of all, we are talking about a powerful factor of social development. Culture permeates every aspect of human life. This applies both to the basics of material production and needs, and to the greatest manifestations of the human spirit. The culture of modern Russia has an increasing influence on the solution of the program objectives of the social sphere. In particular, this concerns the construction of a law-based state, the disclosure of a person's creative abilities, the strengthening and formation of a civil society. The development of culture in modern Russia has an impact on many areas. It concerns the person, the way of life of society, the sphere of thinking, leisure, life, work and so on. There is a special institution - the Office of Culture. Depending on the status, it solves and coordinates these or other issues. As for its social influence, it is, above all, a necessary aspect of the activities of the social person. That is, its regulation is regulated by certain rules, which are accumulated in traditions, symbolic and sign systems, new trends.

Basic difficulties

To date, the development of culture in modern Russia involves a number of issues. The very life of society set them. Currently, all the landmarks are aimed at a qualitatively new one. Thus, there is a sharp change in the understanding of innovative and traditional trends in social development. On the one hand, they are required in order to deeply master the cultural heritage. On the other hand, it is necessary to be able to go beyond the usual notions that have already outlived their own. Corresponding reorganization changes should be also under the management of culture. It is also necessary to overcome a number of reactionary traditions. They were planted and formed for centuries. These traditions were manifested in the minds, behavior and activities of people constantly. To adequately address these issues, it is necessary to understand how culture develops in modern Russia.

The impact of progress

The emergence of the modern world has contributed to significant changes in the human mind. The views of people are turned to the limits of life. Awareness becomes a trend. Renewed orientation to their historical and cultural forms. The future is seen primarily in the processes of expanding international relations. In the world cultural and historical process, all countries must be involved. There have been significant social changes. Questions about the identity and peculiarities of the culture of Russia come to the fore.

Information on general trends

What features of the culture of modern Russia can be seen now? There are a number of specific problems. In the foreground is innovation and traditions in the cultural space. Due to the stable side of the latter, there is a translation and accumulation of human experience from a historical point of view. As for traditional societies, here the assimilation of culture is carried out through the worship of patterns of the past. Within the traditions, of course, there may be minor variations. In this case they are the basis of the functioning of culture. From the point of view of innovation, creativity is much more difficult.

Progressive and reactionary tendencies

Creating a culture from nowhere is not possible. It is impossible to completely reject previous traditions. The question of the attitude to the cultural heritage concerns not only its preservation, but also development as a whole. In this case it is about creativity. Here, with the unique merges the universal organic. The culture of the peoples of Russia, or rather its value, is undeniable. There is a need for their dissemination. Cultural creativity is the source of innovation. It is involved in the process of general development. Here we can see the reflection of a wide range of opposing tendencies of the historical epoch.

Features of the structure

What is culture in Russia today? Briefly considering its content, it can be noted that it is divided into several different spheres:

1. Religion.
2. All forms in which the people's spirit is manifested.
3. Art.
4. Equipment.
5. The science.
6. Judicial proceedings.
7. Social and political structure.
8. The nature of the army.
9. Economy.
10. Education of upbringing.
11. The nature of work, settlements, clothing.
12. Writing and language.
13. Customs.
14. Morals.

In this case, the history of culture to understand the level of its development is of paramount importance.

Modern realities

Now the culture finds its embodiment in a variety of created spiritual and material phenomena and values. This applies to such new elements as:

1. Works of art (all kinds).
2. Moral regulators and ideals.
3. Religious beliefs.
4. Ideological concepts.
5. Scientific ideas.
6. Material infrastructure.
7. Food.
8. Means of Labor.

On closer examination, it becomes clear that the sphere of culture is not homogeneous. The fact is that each component has common boundaries - both chronological and geographical. The culture of the peoples of Russia, in particular, its originality, is inseparable. She is in constant interaction. Between a lot of original cultures there is a dialogue. Interaction is not only in the present tense. It also affects the "past-future" axis.

Main differences

The distinction between the concepts of civilization and culture took place already in the twentieth century. The latter, as before, is filled with positive meaning. As for civilization, it has a neutral characteristic. In some cases, a direct negative "sound" can be traced. Civilization is synonymous with material structure. This is a fairly high degree of mastery of the forces of nature. This is a powerful technological progress. It certainly contributes to the achievement of material wealth. Civilization in most cases is associated with the development of technology. This can be used to implement a wide variety of purposes. At the same time, culture has become as close to spiritual progress as possible.

Features of development

The formation of a new image of culture is one of the most interesting moments. As for the traditional vision of the world heritage, it is primarily associated with organic and historical integrity. A new image of culture can boast of many associations. This concerns the ideas, on the one hand, of the universal ethical paradigm, and on the other - of a cosmic scale. In addition, a new type of interaction is being formed. It is expressed in the rejection of a simplified rational scheme for solving cultural problems. At present, understanding of other people's points of view becomes more important. The same can be said about the following:

1. A desire to compromise.
2. Ability to build dialogical relations.
3. Recognition of the validity of the existence of most truths.
4. Acceptance of someone else's cultural identity.
5. Critical analysis of their own actions.

If we take into account the similar logic of cultural communications, it is easy to understand that the principles of action will be appropriate.

The turning points

It will be about the early 90's. The last century. The national culture of Russia is still experiencing the influence of that period. Events developed under the influence of many factors. Accelerated disintegration of the common culture of the USSR took place. Many national units were formed, for which the values of the Soviet Union's cumulative culture were unacceptable. This also applies to traditions. Not without sharp contrast between different national cultures. In this regard, the tension has increased. As a result, the unified socio-cultural space disintegrated. The system, which was previously organically linked to the country's previous history, found itself in a new economic and political situation. Much has changed radically. This also applies to the relationship between authorities and culture. The state was no longer going to dictate its terms. Thus, the culture has lost guaranteed customers.

Ways of further development

The common core of culture disappeared. Its further development has become the subject of heated debate. The range of searches was very wide. This is a huge number of options - from the apology of isolationism to the pattern of the West. The unified cultural idea was virtually absent. A certain part of society perceived this situation as the deepest crisis. This is what Russian culture came to at the end of the 20th century. At the same time, some believe that pluralism is the natural norm of a civilized society.

Positive moments

The spiritual culture of modern Russia is closely interlinked with the elimination of the ideological barriers of that period. The fact is that it gave favorable opportunities for its development. However, in the course of this process, there was a certain loss of national features. This was due to the economic crisis that the country was experiencing, and a difficult transition to market relations. In the mid-nineties the spiritual sphere was in a stage of sharp crisis. The country's striving for market development was a priority. Thus, certain spheres of culture simply could not exist without state support. The gap between the mass and elitist forms continued to deepen. The same applied to the older generation and the youth environment. The unevenness of access to the consumption of goods, both cultural and material, has increased dramatically. The combination of the above-described reasons led to the fact that the country had a "fourth power". It is about the mass media, which began to occupy the first place in culture. As for the present, the following elements are intertwined in the most bizarre way:

1. Anarchy and statehood.
2. Demonstrative apoliticality and a huge deliberate politicization.
3. Selfishness.
4. Individualism and sobornost.
5. Collectivism.

The role of the state

The revival of culture is the most important condition for the renewal of society. This fact is quite obvious. As for concrete movements along this path, they continue to be subjects of bitter discussions. In particular, this concerns the role of the state in this process. Will it interfere in the affairs of culture and regulate it? Or, perhaps, she can independently find the means for survival? There are several points of view on this matter. Some people think that culture should be provided with freedom. This also applies to the right to identity. Thus, the state will undertake the elaboration of strategic tasks for the "building" of culture, as well as the responsibility for protecting the national heritage. In addition, financial support for values is necessary. Nevertheless, all these issues have not yet been resolved. This is a specific implementation of these provisions. Many believe that the state has not yet fully realized the fact that culture can not be given away to business. It must be supported, as well as science and education. This comes to the fore in matters of maintaining the mental and moral health of the country. Domestic culture has many conflicting characteristics. Nevertheless, society can not allow separation from its national heritage. Culture breaks up, and it is not adapted to change.

Possible options

As for the ways of development, in this case there are many conflicting opinions. Some speak of the possible strengthening of political conservatism. That is, the situation can be stabilized on the basis of Russia's uniqueness. In addition, we should highlight the country's special path in history. Nevertheless, it can again lead to the nationalization of culture. In this case, it is about the implementation of automatic support for heritage and traditional forms of creativity. As for other ways, foreign influence on culture is inevitable. Thus, any aesthetic innovations will be significantly hampered. What role can the conditions of Russia's integration play? It is worth taking into account the impact from the outside. Due to this, the country can be turned into a "province" if compared with global centers. In domestic culture, the dominance of alien tendencies is possible. Although the life of society will become more stable. In this case, the commercial self-regulation of the structure plays an important role.

Key Issues

Of course, we are talking about preserving a distinctive national culture. Also worth noting is the importance of its international influence. The cultural heritage is being introduced into the life of society. Russia can join the system of universal principles. In this case, it will become an equal participant in world art processes. The state must intervene in the cultural life of the country. The presence of institutional regulation is an urgent necessity. Only in this way will the cultural potential be fully utilized. State policy in the relevant spheres will be reoriented radically. So, within the country there is an accelerated development of many industries. It should also be mentioned that physical culture in modern Russia has emerged from the crisis and is developing at a moderate pace.

Final moments

For modern domestic culture, there are numerous and contradictory tendencies. In this article they were partially indicated. As for the current period of development of the national culture, it is a transitional one. It is also possible to say with certainty that there were certain ways out of the crisis. What is the world culture of the last century as a whole? This is a very contradictory and complex phenomenon. He is also greatly aggravated by the fact that the world for a long time was conditionally split into two camps. In particular, this refers to ideological features. Thus, cultural practice was enriched with new ideas and problems. Global issues forced humanity to accept the challenge. This affected the world culture as a whole. And not only on it. The same can be said about each national heritage separately. In this case, the dialogue of different cultures is a decisive factor. As for Russia, it is necessary to develop and adopt the right strategic course. It is worth noting that the situation in the world is constantly changing. Solving the "cultural" problem is a very difficult task. First of all, we are talking about the need to understand the deep-seated contradictions that are inherent in our culture. And this applies to all of its historical development. The domestic culture still has potential. It is sufficient to give answers to the challenge thrown by the modern world. As for the current state of Russian culture, it is very far from ideal. There is a need for a change in thinking. At present, it is more focused on maximalism. In this case, a radical coup is needed. This is a real reorganization of everything and everything, and in the shortest possible time. The development of national culture, of course, will be difficult and long.