The baby has a rash and fever. Causes, treatment. Pediatrics

Each parent is familiar with the situation when the baby suddenly has a rash on the body and suddenly the temperature rises. Such symptoms occur in very many diseases and conditions, some of which are considered quite dangerous for the child's body. Let's try to understand what specific pathological conditions are characteristic for a particular disease, and how should parents behave when suddenly a child has a rash and fever.

Rash against the background of insect bites

One of the most common reasons for the appearance on the child's body of itchy reddening is the reaction to insect bites: mosquitoes, bedbugs, and in some regions of Russia (mostly northern) poisonous midges. This manifestation may be accompanied by a slight increase in body temperature, as the reaction to the poison of insects begins in the body of the baby, and immune processes become more active. As a rule, such a red rash appears after an unprotected stay of a baby in nature, after a night or daytime sleep.

The greatest alertness is caused by these rashes in the early spring or late autumn, when it is considered that there are no insects already or should be. Appear in these cases, pimples in open areas of the skin, rashes on the hands, the temperature can be low. Before you panic, you should carefully examine the room and the baby's bed for insects, while not forgetting that in the basement mosquitoes can also become active in the winter. After verifying the presence of small pests in the room or furniture, measures should be taken to destroy them. To the kid, as a rule, bites are treated with "Fenistil-gel" or "Psyclengzamom". In case of fever , give the child an antipyretic and antihistamine.

Rashes as a consequence of an allergic reaction

The next no less common cause of the appearance of a rash on the baby's body is an allergic reaction of the body. Such spots can look like both large rashes and small pimples. Most often the child manifests a so-called "food allergy". There is such a pathology quite quickly: on the baby's body appear red rashes, accompanied by severe itching. In addition, in some cases, vomiting, upset of the stool and an increase in body temperature are possible. The general condition can also change: the child becomes listless and apathetic or, conversely, excited and cheerful. Determine whether the parents were able to establish the cause of the eruption and the allergen that caused it, only a children's doctor can. As soon as possible, contact a pediatric specialist with a baby. In the absence of the possibility of rapid medical intervention, you can give the child to drink activated charcoal or any sorbent, as well as antihistamine means to pay off the possible reaction of the body. An allergic rash in a baby can also occur on detergents, for example, on a powder that erases baby clothes. The task of parents is to correctly determine the cause of such a reaction of the child's organism in order to treat the cause, and not just the consequences.

Infectious diseases for children

However, often the cause of the rash on the body, especially accompanied by a rise in temperature, may become a disease. The cause of skin manifestations can be a number of infectious diseases, which are most often sick in childhood. Many parents confidently believe that it is better for a baby to transfer children's viruses in preschool and junior school age, since this period is considered the most sensitive for a favorable course of infection. In fact, these diseases in childhood are carried by the body much easier than in older adolescents and adults. The growing organism is much easier and more productive coping with microbes and pathological organisms, and the immune system of the child is considered more flexible and active compared with the adult. Therefore, in the childhood period, viral diseases are easier to tolerate and take less time for recovery.

Rashes on the body and temperature can signal many infectious diseases. Different virus pathologies are characterized by their own symptoms, but common for many diseases is that they are accompanied by rashes, fever and a number of somatic catarrhal manifestations. It is considered important for parents to be able to correctly recognize the symptoms of a particular disease, since the first signs can start suddenly, and there is not always an opportunity to urgently seek qualified medical care.

Chickenpox

One of the most common infectious diseases, which in childhood is safely tolerated by about 85% of the population, is chickenpox or, as people say, chicken pox. The disease is characterized by the fact that the child's fever rises, then the rash appears in the form of red spots with a watery bubble. Initially, a few rashes, but gradually more pimples, while they can be observed on the mucous membranes of the child. Occurrence of spots with chickenpox, as a rule, is accompanied by severe itching, because the children's doctor can recommend antihistamines (except antipyretic).

Watery vesicle after a few days dries, and the skin is formed crust. A baby, who suffers from chicken pox, is considered infectious for others within two weeks: it is during this period that all the "sores" will dry up and fall off. After this, the child is considered to be recovered. Veterinary pox is transmitted by airborne droplets, while this disease belongs to the category of infections that are ill once a lifetime.

During the course of the disease, careful hygienic care is especially important for a small patient: rashes should be regularly treated with drying agents. Care must be taken to ensure that the baby does not comb itchy acne, since pyesis is possible at the site of the rash. Otherwise, the disease with chickenpox threatens to go to furunculosis, which can occur against the background of the transferred chicken pox. The period of active rash lasts not one day, therefore it is important to handle the rash newly appeared in the child in a timely manner, and the temperature can also be maintained during the first few days of the disease. After the cessation of the appearance of new acne, as a rule, the child's temperature indicators are normalized. From this moment the baby begins to go on the mend.

Rashes with rubella

Another no less known disease, accompanied by the appearance of a rash and a fever in a child, is rubella. This infection differs from chicken pox in the first place by the nature of the rashes: unlike large acne with chickenpox, reminiscent of mosquito bites, with rubella there is a small rash. Initially, the appearance of it is preceded by malaise, the child may experience the symptoms of an acute respiratory illness: fever, body aches, runny nose. After a couple of days or more, small pimples appear on the body, and there is a sting in the eyes. As a rule, rubella rashes are not accompanied by itching, but they have a number of other specific features. A red rash occurs simultaneously throughout the body, while localizing in the face, back, chest.

A characteristic feature in this disease is that the small dots are manifested in the semi-darkness, and in bright light significantly discolored. Elevated temperature, as a rule, accompanies the disease for the first two days, then normalizes. A special feature of this infectious disease is also an increase in the occipital lymph nodes, temperature and rash on the abdomen of the child. A small patient is usually recommended to place the doctor in a darkened room and provide an enhanced drinking regime.

Special treatment for rubella, as a rule, does not require: within 4-5 days, the rash disappears without a trace, while the immunity to this disease persists for life. Modern pediatrics insists that babies under the age of one year get vaccinated against rubella. Despite the fact that this disease is relatively easy and without complications, this infection is considered especially dangerous for pregnant women. Contact of a pregnant woman with children with rubella is categorically contraindicated, especially if the mother herself is not infected with this infectious disease and does not have immunity to him. The risk of severe infection of amniotic fluid is too great in this case, which leads to severe and unrecoverable pathologies of the unborn child. Therefore, it is recommended by doctors to be safe and to develop in advance a stable immunity to this disease.

Measles

Recently, not so popular, but, nevertheless, from time to time a common disease called measles is also characterized by the presence of heavy rashes on the skin. This viral pathology begins with a sharp rise in body temperature, the appearance of signs of conjunctivitis, a runny nose and a cough in the child. In the first three days the disease is respiratory or catarrhal. On the third day, a rash appears on the body of the child, and the temperature rises again.

On the first day, the rashes are localized in the face area, then gradually descend to the chest, back, abdomen, limbs. Pimples are usually red, pronounced and spread throughout the body for three days. Initially, the small rash rapidly increases in size, connecting in some places to red spots. From the third day of its manifestation, it begins to fade as it arises. The period of the disease is accompanied by a cough, fever, a general malaise. The rash on the body of the child does not immediately disappear without a trace: for some time on the body there is a certain pigmentation and peeling on the places of abundant rashes. Coronary disease is always accompanied by certain symptoms, therefore for parents the temperature, a rash on the face with a previous cough and profuse lachrymation in the light serves as a signal to address to doctors. Like any disease, measles does not tolerate self-treatment. Therapy should be carried out according to the indications and under the supervision of the district pediatrician. Steady immunity to this disease occurs after complete healing and, according to the doctor, also after a timely vaccination.

Scarlet fever and consequences of the transferred disease

Experts regard scarlet fever as one of the most serious infections, accompanied by the appearance of rash in children. This disease caused by streptococcal pathogens, to some extent initially resembles a sore throat. In the first hours of scarlet fever the skin of the baby is clean, but the tonsils increase, the mucous in the throat brightens red. The child feels bad, by the end of the first or to the beginning of the second day of the onset of symptoms, the baby has a high fever and a rash. Initially, it appears on the neck, nasolabial triangle thus acquires a pale, somewhat cyanotic hue, forming a characteristic scarlet feather triangle. The tongue of a small patient becomes strongly pronounced in color, experts define such a symptom as "crimson tongue". Gradually the rashes spread to the upper back and chest, then all over the body. This manifestation is localized most in the armpits, folds of the skin, lower abdomen, inner thighs.

Rash, itching, fever accompany the course of the disease for the first seven days, then the symptoms gradually fade. This does not mean that the baby ceases to be a source of infection for surrounding children, so it turns out to be isolated from the children's society for 21 days. Therapy for scarlet fever is performed under the supervision of the district pediatrician. Necessarily the child undergoes a course of antibiotic treatment, which he picks up the doctor.

This viral pathology is considered dangerous due to complications that can cause. First of all, this disease is a danger to the heart and kidneys of the child. That is why it is important to strictly follow the pediatrician's recommendations during the entire treatment period: to take the necessary tests on time, give the baby prescribed medications, undergo an examination with a pediatric urologist and a cardiologist.

Infectious erythema

A viral disease called "infectious erythema" is diagnosed in children from 2 to 12 years old during epidemics in children's educational institutions. The first couple of days, the symptoms resemble ARVI or ARI: fever, runny nose. The first rashes appear on the cheekbones in the form of bright red dots, which gradually merge into a single relief pattern. Small pimples, merging, can form a geographical pattern, a lacy pattern. During the next two days, the rash spreads throughout the body, merging into places in the swollen spots. After the appearance of acne the child ceases to be contagious to others: the most dangerous period is the period before the appearance of the first rash. Seven days later the skin manifestations disappear, occasionally appearing during physical exertion, with excitement, sunbathing.

Acute viral infection of infants

Infection in infants or young children, caused by the causative agent of the herpes virus, begins with an acute febrile state. The body temperature of the baby rises suddenly to 39 and above degrees, the acute period lasts about three days, and in some cases up to five days. At first, the baby does not have rashes: that the child is ill, only a febrile condition signals. The temperature drops critically on the fourth day, then small rubella-like eruptions appear on the child's body, which are localized mainly on the neck and trunk. A characteristic symptom is also a lack of appetite, irritability and an increase in the cervical lymph nodes. Since the disease is infectious, the baby becomes contagious to others. This period continues until the appearance of the first rashes - after that the risk of contracting the virus from a sick child is reduced to a minimum.

Meningococcal infection

The most dangerous viral disease, accompanied by rashes on the body and high fever, is considered a meningococcal infection. This disease is extremely dangerous because it tends to hurricane flow, so it is important to be able to recognize in time the main symptoms of impending disaster.

The infection begins suddenly: a cold starts from the beginning and the body temperature rises sharply, pains in the muscles and joints occur, vomiting can open. The child has a rash and fever at the same time at the end of the first day of the disease. In the event that a skin reaction occurs immediately in the first hours of the course of the disease, specialists, as a rule, predict the unfavorable development of the disease in a particularly severe form. The rash, originally pink in color, gradually turns into irregularly shaped hemorrhages beneath the skin, prone to rapid enlargement. Predominantly, its elements are concentrated in the limbs, face, trunk of the baby. At the appearance of the slightest suspicion of a meningococcal infection, the child should be rushed to the clinic immediately. The life of a small patient depends on how quickly and correctly parents react.

Rules of behavior of parents at the first signs of an infectious disease

Children's experts recommend that parents observe a number of rules when they suspect a viral illness in the baby, accompanied by rashes on the skin. Acne can appear on the face, neck, limbs of the child, there may be a rash on the back. The temperature can be increased, it can remain normal. In any case, parents must necessarily show their son or daughter to a pediatrician, and the sooner, the better. It is advisable to invite a doctor to the house, as it is necessary to avoid contacts of a sick child with other children. In case of appearance of a hemorrhagic rash on the skin, you should immediately call an ambulance and hospitalize the child until the diagnosis is clarified, since such a rash can serve as a "menacing" sign of meningococcal infection. Until the doctor examines the child, it is not necessary to lubricate the fragments of skin manifestations with antiseptics, especially "green", "Fukorcin" and other staining agents for the treatment of integuments. The doctor should carefully examine the nature of the rash, which will greatly facilitate the process of diagnosis. As a rule, the rash with different infections is typical enough, so most of the additional laboratory tests to determine the type of illness will not be required.

And most importantly: do not panic and get lost. If the child is ill, you need to take himself in hand and take all the measures of rapid response in a situation of deterioration of the baby.