Spelling of personal endings of verbs and suffixes of participles: rules, examples. Verbs of the first conjugation

The Russian language is quite difficult to learn. Therefore, it is very important to constantly update the memory, remembering the school program, in order to maintain the level of language proficiency. Even if at school you studied for one five, the repetition of the rules of the native language is necessary. And those for whom the Russian is a foreign language, should pay much attention to complex topics, for example, the topic of spelling of personal endings of verbs and suffixes of participles.

But first you need to understand the concepts themselves.

What is a verb?

Verbs act as an independent part of speech. Verbs are characterized by such questions as: "what to do?", "What to do?". As a rule, the verbs of the Russian language appear in the sentences as a predicate and express the action or state of a particular object or being.

It is important to note that verbs are transitive and intransitive, as well as recurrent and irrevocable.

Conjugation of verbs and rules of spelling. Russian: personal endings of verbs

Endings of verbs play a very important role in our native language. But first you need to understand what function they perform. Personal endings help determine the conjugation of a particular verb.

So, the conjugation of the verb of the Russian language is a direct change of it in numbers and persons. There are only two conjugations.

Verbs of the first conjugation have such endings: -y (-y), -et (-yot), -yesh (-esh), -em (-e), -em (-em).

The second conjugation is characterized by such endings: -y (-yu), -ish, -it, -im, -it, -at (-yat).

Knowledge of conjugation of verbs is necessary for the correct spelling of the letters "e" and "and" in unstressed endings.

It is also important to note that there are exceptions in this topic that you need to know. So, to the second conjugation of verbs with unstressed personal endings belong:

• Verbs that have an ending -it. The exceptions are: shaving, laying, building;
• Seven verbs ending in -et: to depend, offend, endure, twirl, see, look, hate;
• This includes four verbs that end in -at: keep, drive, breathe, hear.

The verbs of the first conjugation are the remaining words (verbs), which end in -at, -yat, -et, -yat, -yat, -ot.

Now the main task is to determine which conjugation a particular verb belongs to and what vowel letter to write in the word. To find out, it is necessary to determine where the stress in the word falls. This is very simple, because if the stress is on the end of the word, then, as a rule, there is no doubt. Because if the ending is shock, then the conjugation is easily determined by the personal ending of the verb. But if the emphasis is not at the end of a certain verb, then it is necessary to put the verb directly in an undefined form, and then see what vowel letter is before -t.

What is the sacrament?

Communion is often called a special form of the verb that acts as a feature of the subject. And also the sacrament answers the same questions as the adjective. However, it can sometimes be found that the sacrament does not act as a special form of the verb, but is itself an independent part of speech. But this is not so important. It is important to know the rules of writing participles and their features. There are two types of participle - perfect and imperfect, and also used in the present and past times. Most often in the proposals act as a definition, in more rare cases can occur as a predicate.

The subject of participles and verbs in Russian is given enough attention, because mastering the spelling of personal endings of verbs and suffixes of participles is a pledge of language proficiency at a sufficiently high level.

Popular errors in the use of participles

Particularly incomprehensible to foreigners the subject in Russian is the sacrament, because they are not present in all languages. That is why Russian language students are often confused about this topic. The main reason for mistakes is the lack of understanding of the very structure and nature of the origin of the sacrament.

The most common mistakes in participles are expressed in the incorrect use of the form, its incorrect formation. The mistake is the replacement of the verb with the participle.

Communion and their suffixes

The spelling of personal endings of verbs and suffixes of participles is considered one of the most difficult themes of the Russian language. Because very often there are errors in this category of rules.

As for the participles, they have such characteristics as: a kind (perfect and imperfect), past and present, a real and passive voice and recompense.

So, -you, -yus are the suffixes of the participles, indicating the first conjugation of the verb from which they were formed.

And the suffixes of the participles -as, -his indicate that the verb from which the given wordform was formed belonged to the second conjugation.

The real pledge of the sacraments

Communion is used extremely often in Russian oral speech and in writing. After all, they make the proposal much softer and easier on sound, give it a more artistic look, which helps make the speech smooth and beautiful.

The actual pledge indicates the sign of a certain animate or inanimate object, which independently performs the action. For example: "a girl who loves her mother."

But to properly formulate sentences using participles, you need to know the suffixes of the present participles. So, to the suffixes of the present time are: -out, -Yes, -All, -See. For example: singing, blooming, standing, loving.

There is also the use of a real voice in the past tense. Such participles are characterized by the following suffixes: -шш, -ш. Example: "a boy who read a father's magazine," or "a father who took his daughter to the forest."

Passive voice

The participles of the passive voice contain the sign of a certain animate or inanimate object, to which direct action is directed.

Such participles in the present tense are formed by suffixes: -em, -om (for the 1st conjugation) and -im (for the 2nd conjugation). For example: favorite, stored, readable, revered, etc.

As for the spelling rule for suffixes of passive participles in the past tense, they are formed with the help of such suffixes as: -n (n) - from verbs that end in -at, -yat, -et; -en (n) - is formed from words with the basis -it; -t - from the verbs having the ending of the stem-to-be, -there.

There are a number of exceptions. For example, verbs such as: revenge, sew, beat, write, etc. - do not have participle passive voice in the present tense.

In past tense, such verbs: love, seek, take - passive participles, as a rule, are not formed.

Suffixes of short participles

It is important to note that the participles in Russian have two forms. This is the full form of the sacraments and a brief one. As for the short form, such participles can only be in the passive voice. For example, adored - adored.

In the present time, brief participles are almost not used. As a rule, they are replaced by a more simplified construction with a verb. There is an opinion, sacraments of a short form in the present time does not exist in modern Russian. They were willingly replaced with verbal participles.

The participles of the short form have the same functions as the adjective. They do not change by case. Short participles vary in numbers, and if such a participle is in the plural, then they vary by birth.

As for the suffixes of participles of short form, they are: -n and -en. For example, burned-burned, applied-applied, etc.

In conclusion, it must be said that the correct use in oral and written speech of participles indicates a decent level of proficiency in Russian. And with their help you can decorate your speech. Therefore spelling of personal endings of verbs and suffixes of participles is a necessary topic for studying in Russian. Because verbs and participles play a huge role and are used very often.