Ryazan Kremlin, Cathedral bell tower in Ryazan: description, sights, history and interesting facts

Usually the Kremlin is the center of cultural and spiritual power, the place from which the cities "start", where the townspeople and tourists flock. Ryazan is no exception: the Ryazan Kremlin - Cathedral bell tower - can be seen from any direction even at the entrance to the city.

History

The Kremlin in Pereyaslavl-Ryazan is not just the oldest part of the city, it is a museum that is one of the five oldest in the country - it was founded on June 15, 1884. On the high hill, protected by rivers on three sides, is the Ryazan Kremlin. The Cathedral bell tower is its main decoration. To protect it, a moat was dug from the fourth side, filled with water during the flood period. At such moments, the structure turned out to be an island.

Like most cities, Pereyaslavl-Ryazan was not formed in an open field. The first settlers came here in the Mesolithic, the Slavs appeared in the 6th-7th centuries. The fertility of the earth, the favorable location gave life to several settlements. After a short time, a nearby city grew up, called Pereyaslavl-Ryazan.

The very first Kremlin was rebuilt in the 11th century. It was located a little to the north of the place where the modern Ryazan Kremlin, whose Cathedral bell tower is visible to the traveler from afar, is today built on the site of the Church of the Holy Spirit. The Kremlin belonged to a territory of about two hectares. The site where the church is located today was meant for the prince's house.

Along with the growth of the city, the Kremlin increased, by the twelfth century it occupied the entire Kremlin Hill. New towers and walls were built, a shaft and a dry ditch were built in a place without natural protection.

It is likely that the town would remain one of many similar things, if not for the events of 1236. It was then that Bataille's devastating campaign occurred on the main city of the Ryazan principality - Ryazan. The city could not recover, so in 1285 the episcopal chair was moved to Pereyaslavl-Ryazan. By the middle of the 16th century, the quiet Pereyaslavl had become the capital of the principality.

After such changes, the city began to grow rapidly. The Ryazan Kremlin, whose history, culture and traditions number more centuries than most other similar structures, has also undergone changes. In the 15th century a fortified prison appeared, and next to it were Torgovy, Upper and Lower Posad. Already behind them stretched numerous settlements.

After some time, the city and invited builders mastered the masonry, as a result of which began to appear buildings of stone. Khristorozhdestvensky Cathedral was the first building built of bricks - this is the oldest building of the modern Ryazan Kremlin. The specialists established that the altar part was made in the technique of white stone masonry in the 15th century. The alterations of the following centuries completely changed the appearance of the cathedral. He also changed his name - he was originally called Ouspensky.

The fortress walls of the Kremlin were surrounded by archbishop's chambers, the voivodeship court, and the diocesan chancery. They were next to the stables, cooper workshop, malt-houses, warehouses, mills. In the place where the Cathedral belltower is today, in former times there was the Glebovskaya tower with the adjacent city prison, the Order of Detective Affairs, the weapons workshops.

It is surprising that initially the Kremlin contained three monasteries: the women's Epiphany, Spassky men's and Dukhov's monasteries. In addition, there were nine churches, food stores, two hundred-plus-households, and three cemeteries on the territory. In the east to the Kremlin adjoined the trading posad, while on the west side were located Fisherman's Village and a commercial port. Around were fruit trees - in spring, during flowering, the spectacle was simply magnificent!

By the 18th century the main buildings were ready. They are intact until today: the Consistorial Corps, the Epiphany Church and the Singing Corps. In the same period, the expansion of the Bishops' Chambers began.

In 1684, the Assumption Cathedral was laid, since the number of believers exceeded the possibilities of the previous cathedral. By 1692 the construction was almost completed, but the irreparable happened: the whole structure collapsed. In January of the following year, new bids began, as a result, Y. G. Bukhvostov was awarded a contract. By 1699 the construction was completed.

Over time, buildings have become dilapidated. Until the 17th century, the fortress walls surrounded the city, but after the middle of the century, the need for defense facilities fell away, as the country's borders expanded considerably.

In 1789 it was decided to make changes to the Ryazan Kremlin: the Cathedral bell tower replaced Glebov's tower. Its construction was carried out until 1840. Four architects took part in this process : Voronikhin, Russko, Vorotilov and Ton. Surprisingly, so many managers did not prevent the bell tower from becoming the best example of classicism, striking in harmony. Cathedral belltower, the Ryazan Kremlin, whose history lies in the depths of centuries, can boast of "acquaintance" with the most famous people of different times.

sights

The Assumption Cathedral, Glebovsky Bridge, the Church of the Holy Spirit, the Cathedral Belltower - the Ryazan Kremlin is filled with sights to the maximum, so visiting this place will be very interesting.

All buildings are fairly compact, so you do not need to walk much. It should be borne in mind that the temples are still in effect, so they need to be dressed appropriately for their visits.

Cathedral bell tower

The Cathedral Belltower, whose construction history is worthy of a separate story, is a truly stunning and elegant building. The height of the building is 86 meters, at its top is a spire of 25 meters. Upon closer examination of the bell tower, the tourist can see the changes in architecture during the years of its construction.

The construction of the first stage lasted from 1789 to 1797. The architect of this stage was VA Vorotilov. The second stage was built in 1816 - its leader was IF Russko. From the third tier to the spire, NI Voronikhin was building, using the Ton project.

Strangely enough, for all that there is no sense of stylistic disagreement. The structure is very organically blended into the surrounding ensemble. The Cathedral bell tower is an architectural monument that allows you to admire other sights, as the third tier is equipped with a viewing platform, which offers stunning views of the Kremlin, the city and its surroundings.

Glebovsky Bridge

In order to be in the Kremlin, you need to overcome the moat. Today it is very easy to do this - the bridge, called Glebovsky, leads through the moat. In the form in which it can be observed today, it exists since the 18th century. Until then, the bridge leading to the Kremlin was made of wood.

Church of the Savior's Transfiguration

Not only the Cathedral bell tower of the Ryazan Kremlin is known to the whole country - the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior on Yar is known no less. It was built in 1695. This is a very elegant temple, special completeness is given to it by bundles of columns in different sides.

Church of the Holy Spirit

Visits are not just the Cathedral bell tower of the Kremlin. The sights are a rather impressive list, every item in which deserves a survey. For example, the Church of the Holy Spirit is built on the very edge of the cliff, above the Trubezh River. Vasily Kharitonov-Zubov engaged in this construction in 1642. The master from Soligalich managed to create a rare example of a two-temple temple, with two aspidums. By the end of the 18th century. The refectory was attached to the church, and in 1864 the tent bell tower was reconstructed. For today the building belongs to the library of the museum.

Epiphany Church

The refined Epiphany Church was built in 1647. Located between the Transfiguration and the Assumption Cathedral. This representative of the early Moscow Baroque is a five-domed besstolpny temple with a tent bell tower and refectory. In the 18th century, the image of this church was somewhat modified.

Assumption Cathedral

This monumental building can not but delight. From anywhere in the Kremlin you can see this cathedral. Its area is 1600 squares, height - 72 m. It belongs to the style of the Naryshkin Baroque, and it is its largest representative.

The building has a completely traditional structure - six-pillared five-domed church. Nevertheless, because of its unusual size, it can be considered innovative. Initially, the walls were decorated with pediments, but later they were shot down and replaced with a four-tiled roof. Portals and platbands decorate the white stone carving with patterns on the theme of plants, which were performed under the guidance of Bukhvostov.

The Holy Synod in 1800 decided to dismantle the cathedral, but the inhabitants were able to defend the decoration of the city. The architect, invited from the capital, said that the temple is to be restored. Sponsors of the restoration were the richest merchants of the city - it was thanks to them that in 1804, after a complete reconstruction, the cathedral was again consecrated.

Gallery

The Assumption Cathedral and the Archangel Cathedral are connected with the Palace of Oleg Galereya. This place stands out among similar ones, which connects more than two buildings. From the Gallery you can enjoy breathtaking views.

Cathedral of the Archangel

This is one of the most ancient temples in the Kremlin. It was erected in 15-17 centuries. Originally it was required as a burial vault and a house church of the princely family and the Ryazan bishops. One of the most famous religious figures of Peter's times - Stefan Yavorsky - is resting right here.

The singing corps

After going through the gallery, the traveler enters the courtyard, which forms several buildings. Directly in front is the Singing Corps, an architectural heritage of the 17th century. Today, within the walls of the building is an ethnographic museum.

The Palace of Oleg

This is the largest building of the Kremlin, belonging to the civilian population. This is a beautiful building, a 17th-18th-century architectural monument. The area of the building is 2.5 thousand square meters. On the second floor there is the Church of St. John the Forerunner. Both the lower floors were built in 1651-1655. Yuri Ershov, referring to the early Baroque. Forty years later, with the help of Gregory Mazurin, the church was rebuilt and the third floor was built on - this part turned out to be in the style of developed baroque. Another hundred years later, an annex was built on the east side in the style of the Petrine Baroque. The length of the building increased to 94 meters.

Today, Oleg's Palace is a museum-reserve, its western part belongs to the Ryazan diocese.

Tourism

The Cathedral bell tower, the Ryazan Kremlin, the Assumption Cathedral - for the sake of which tourists come to Ryazan. Excursions are allowed on the territory of the Kremlin every day, except Mondays. In winter, it works from 10 to 18 hours, in the summer - from 11 to 19. Anyone wishing to visit the architectural monuments still in operation must adhere to the recommended style in clothes, especially for women.