Manor Serednikovo: description, history and address. How to get to the estate Serednikovo?

The estate of Serednikovo, the photo of which will be presented below, would not stand out from a whole host of such monuments of architecture, if not for her fate. A number of great people who left their mark on the political and cultural history of Russia were somehow connected with this place. Here Chaliapin rested, Stolypin and his nephew Lermontov spent their childhood, Rakhmaninov and Konius often visited, Yuon stayed for a while, Serov stayed. Lenin also celebrated the rest on the estate.

The inconspicuous beginning of life

The park-estate ensemble in the style of Russian classicism begins its chronology from 1623, when these lands were granted to Prince Cherkassky. Prior to this event, the area was first run by the voevods Dobrynskie, and a little later the land became the domain of the Chudova Monastery, it was called Goretov Stan. In its center was the wasteland of the Middle, which later gave the name to the estate. During the management of the princes Yegupalov-Circassian, and it lasted almost a century and a half, the only significant event in Serednikovo was the erection in 1693 of a stone church in honor of Metropolitan Alexy. By the way, this temple exists today.

In 1775, ownership passes to Senator Vsevolozhsky, in which, in essence, the present type of estate was created. Good always goes hand in hand with evil, so it happened in the history of the estate. After the death of Vsevolod Alekseevich because of hereditary disputes, the estate was actually looted. He was initiated by the nephew of the senator who unlawfully took possession of and took out furniture, pedigreed horses and cattle. In one devastation, the relative did not stop, in parallel he destroyed a number of documents that were important from a historical point of view. For example, papers for the construction of a manor house. This had serious consequences. The present architect of the garden and park complex is unknown, although there are suggestions that they were Ivan Egorovich Starov. The owner of the estate brought him to desolation for a couple of years, during which the court was going. As a result, the owner of the already new wasteland was the brother of the late senator, to whom these lands were bequeathed. In the courtyard stood the beginning of the XIX century.

The arrival of the Stolypins

Sergei Alekseevich Vsevolozhsky looted by the efforts of his nephew manor Serednikovo was unnecessarily, and he sold it. Over the next 14 years, the estate was replaced by three owners, the last of which became Major General Dmitry Alekseevich Stolypin. The grandfather of the future reformer of the Russian Empire did not last long in the estate - a year after his acquisition, he passed away. In the possession of his widow, Ekaterina Arkadevna.

Young poet and great reformer

Not many know, but the Stolypins were related to the Lermontovs. Therefore, to Ekaterina Arkadevna, along with his grandmother came to stay and rest then still unknown 15-year-old Misha. In the estate he spent four summers, from 1829 to 1832, and during this time managed to experience the first love and write about this the first verses. A few vacations, held by Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov in the estate, will later play a very important role in Serednikovo's history, albeit already in our time, but more about this later.

The last of the Stolypins, who owned the estate, was Arkady Dmitrievich, the father of the last reformer of the Russian Empire. In the life of this person, concerning Serednikovo, the number 7 is a strange way. Judge for yourself, when Arkasha is 7 years old, he gets acquainted with his nephew - 15 years old Misha Lermontov comes to the estate for the first time. The owner already Arkady Dmitrievich becomes 7 years before the birth of his son Petit. He also spent the first 7 years of his life in Serednikovo.

Sold the patrimonial nest papa Peter Arkadievich Stolypin, the author of the agrarian reform, in 1869.

Another desolation and secular-intellectual life

The merchant of the first Firsanov guild purchased from the Stolypins estate. Pre-revolutionary businessman Ivan Grigorievich wished on the land he had just earned. Having cut down the forests around the estate, he repaid spent 75 thousand rubles, and after selling out antique furniture and furniture, he earned another 45 thousand. Again wrote in the annals of the history of the estate of Serednikovo, his daughter, who decided to live on the land actually plundered by the priest.

Vera Ivanovna Firsanova was an educated man and a great connoisseur of art, cultural figures of Russia of the end of the XIX century visited her on a visit. Fedor Chaliapin, Sergei Rakhmaninov, Julius Konius, Valentin Serov and Konstantin Yuon - this is not an exhaustive list of the names of artists who visited Firsanov and the estate. By the way, the last one, one of the organizers of the Union of Russian Artists, liked the estate so much that he bought a part of the land from Vera Ivanovna and settled down and organized his studio here.

Konstantin Fedorovich Yuon was tempted by local species, though, as further events showed, attracted the future member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR not only for the beauty of nature. The Soviet artist married right there, on the local native Nikitina. The last private owner of the estate was proud of the fact that the estate was connected with Mikhail Lermontov and strongly emphasized this connection. So, in 1890 she ordered a painting from Victor Stember. The artist took up the plafone of the Oval Hall of the master's house, which was decorated on the motives of the "Demon" Mikhail Yurievich. On the 100th anniversary of the birth of the great Russian poet in the courtyard of the manor, an obelisk in honor of this significant event was erected on the orders of Vera Ivanovna. Also, Firsanova ordered the famous poet Anna Semenovna Golubkina, at that time, to bust a poet. The work of art, as soon as the sculpture was cast, was taken from Paris to Serednikovo. However, the dawn of the estate did not last long. The revolution deprived Firsanov of the rights to the estate - he was nationalized.

In the field of medicine

The first and last historical figure who visited the estate during the Soviet period was the leader of the revolutionary movement, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. He rested at the estate in the summer of 1919. Six years after his departure, the first medical institution in his history was established on the basis of the estate. In 1925, the doors opened a sanatorium for the nervous. It existed until the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

The first tenants of the manor of the war years were children. Pioneers "lucky" - in July 41 years to Moscow they were evacuated from the camp "Artek", and at the end of the summer the children were again taken away from the fighting - at Stalingrad. As the fate of poor children has developed, it is not known for certain, however, the undertaken was necessary. In the autumn, the Serednikovo estate, located just 25 kilometers from the capital, has become one of the lines of defense. In the garden of the estate there are still traces of the fortifications erected there, and the bell tower of the Temple in the name of Metropolitan Alexy was dismantled, so as not to be a reference point for Nazi artillery and aviation.

All these preparations helped - the Germans Serednikovo never took, a long time before entering the estate was an enemy tank, lined with defending Red Army soldiers. In the buildings of the estate there was already the second medical institution in its history - a military hospital. When the front moved and the course of the Great Patriotic War was broken, guerrillas began to be trained on the territory of the manor to be sent to the Belorussia, still occupied by the Germans. When the need for the headquarters of the guerrilla movement of this republic has disappeared, the estate of Serednikovo for a short time out of history dropped out. Only a year after the end of the war, they remembered it again. The third medical institution began functioning on the basis of the former estate - the anti-tuberculosis sanatorium "Mtsyri" was opened. It existed until the very collapse of the Soviet Union, after its closure, the already dilapidated buildings of the estate were abandoned for several years. Another wasteland began to form on the territory of the once beautiful generic nest of the Stolypins.

A helping hand through the ages and a new life

Saving from complete annihilation Serednikovo Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov. And in the literal sense. The organization, headed by him in 1992, took the estate for rent for 49 years. From that time they began to call the estate "Lermontov's estate - Serednikovo." Mikhail Yurievich, in question, is alive and well today. He is a complete namesake and distant relative of the great poet. The organization headed by him is called the "Lermontov Heritage". The four years spent by the writer in his youth at the Stolypins saved their ancestral nest from total annihilation. The ten-year tenant was engaged in the restoration of the estate. Today, the entire park-estate ensemble appears before visitors in its original form. The central house and its four two-story wings have been restored, with them it is connected by colonnades. In place and the former farmyard, and pseudo-gothic stable. The park with a pond and bridges (the most beautiful of them is the four-hour "Devil"), as well as the central alley and its staircase are given in the proper form. All this is open to visitors. According to one of the most famous Lermontov places, so called Serednikovo its landlords, you can walk and go on an excursion to the main building and the temple. The church, erected by the princes of the Circassian, still stands, although it has changed somewhat since the time of construction. At restoration in 1860 to it the three-tier belltower has been added.

Forward - to the glorious past

The Serednikovo estate is popular not only among holidaymakers, but also among representatives of the film business. The estate is constantly used for field surveys. The estate of Serednikovo can be seen in such historical and not only films and serials as "Admiral", "Poor Nastya", "Yesenin", "Closed School", "Notes of the Forwarder of the Secret Chancery." Many scenery, erected by "cinematographers", the management of the estate prefers not to disassemble. On their basis was opened "kinogorodok Piligrim Porto", which can also be visited by all comers.

Manor Serednikovo. How to get to this historic place?

You can get to the estate from Leningradsky Station, by train. To leave it follows on pl. Firsanovka, then, after passing the railway, take the bus number 40. On it you need to get to the final stop. It is called "Sanatorium Mtsyri" ". Here is the manor Serednikovo. Address: Solnechnogorsk borough, Moscow region., Pl. Firsanovka.