Industrial fans: technical characteristics, types, purpose

Organization of an effective and reliable air ventilation system at the enterprise is the first step on the way to creating comfortable working conditions for employees. Ventilation of premises can be carried out in a natural and forced manner. In the second case, industrial fans are required for operation, from the technical characteristics of which the efficiency of the entire ventilation system will depend.

Main characteristics of fans

Fans - electromechanical devices designed to move air masses through ducts, direct supply or intake of oxygen from the premises. Forced air circulation in the building occurs by creating a pressure drop between the input and output wells with installed equipment.

The efficiency of the fan does not always depend on its power. In most cases, the following technical characteristics of industrial fans are decisive:

• Air flow - volume of the displaced air masses for a given time interval (m ³ / h);
• Total pressure - determines the speed of air flow (Pa);
• Rotation frequency - shows how quickly the air circulation (rpm) starts;
• Consumed power - the amount of energy expended during operation (kW);
• The level of sound produced - has a direct effect on the degree of noise discomfort (DB).

The last determining parameter is the efficiency (efficiency), which shows how effectively the fan works. In determining this parameter, frictional energy losses and volume losses are taken into account.

Features of industrial fans

Depending on the performance of the technical characteristics of industrial fans, the efficiency of the entire ventilation system is found. Appliances of this category are used wherever it is necessary to serve in rooms or remove large volumes of air from rooms - in multi-apartment buildings, hotels, shopping centers.

The productivity of industrial plants can reach 75 thousand cubic meters per hour. Three types of fans were most widely used:

• Axial - installed in small buildings and small enterprises, have low productivity;
• Channel - used to effectively ventilate a large number of enclosed spaces;
• Centrifugal - the most powerful of the presented installations, are used in industrial facilities;

The technical characteristics of industrial fans must correspond to the functional purpose of the building. The right choice of equipment, compliance with the regime and operating conditions will ensure effective ventilation and the creation of a comfortable microclimate.

Axial fans

Axial devices are used in stationary systems of ventilation and air heating. Their main advantage is a simple design, which causes durability and maintainability. They are ideal for temperate and subtropical climate.

The productivity of axial industrial fans varies from 1.2 to 72 000 m ³ / h. The capacity of the units is measured in kilowatts. However, the level of noise produced by them is quite high. It starts to grow from 75 dBA, which corresponds to a lively conversation with a noisy company of friends.

Duct fans

Duct devices are the most common. They are used for ventilation of office premises, hospitals, schools, kindergartens and other municipal and administrative buildings. The level of noise produced by them is less than 75 dBA, which, dissipating, does not exceed 58 dBA, which corresponds to the European norms for class "A" office premises.

Most devices have adjustable blade speed. The size of the equipment does not exceed 32 cm, the rated power varies from 42 to 290 watts. Channel fans are most advantageous for office premises.

Centrifugal fans

The body of the centrifugal devices is in the form of a spiral, which gives additional centrifugal force to the air flow when it is sucked from the vent. Therefore, such devices are used as exhaust industrial fans. Centrifugal plants are able to create a pressure in the system of up to 10 kPa and accelerate the airflow to 200 m / s.

A wide range of performance devices allows you to choose the best option for each specific case. However, such fans are rather cumbersome and often require a separate room for installation. Their installation can afford only developed enterprises.