Human papillomavirus. Symptoms. Treatment

Human papilloma virus, the symptoms of which, as a rule, are absent, capable of affecting epithelial cells and has a particle diameter of 55 nm. HPV does not have an outer shell. A feature of this virus is the proliferation of skin epithelium, as well as mucous membranes.

At the initial stage, the virus affects, as a rule, the basal cells of the epithelium, penetrating them through microtraumas. Localized papilloma usually on the skin of the neck, in the armpits, in the groin and genitals (most often), the mucous membrane of the mouth, nasopharynx. This virus can exist for many years and produce primary reproduction. To detect the papilloma virus can be using electron microscopy or molecular-hybridized methods.

Human papillomavirus. Types

Among a large number of human papillomaviruses there are types of low and high oncogenic risk. It is proved that the oncogenic properties of this virus are related to their ability to integrate their DNA into the genome of human cells.

Conventionally, papillomavirus infection can be divided into oncogenic and not oncogenic. Different types of HPV infections lead to the appearance of:

• Neoplasia of the cervix;
• Invasive or preinvasive cancer cervical cancer;
• Genital warts of the urinary tract and genital organs.

Infection

Getting into the body, the human papilloma virus, the symptoms of which often do not manifest, do not always lead to the disease. It depends on predisposing factors: increased sexual activity, partners infected with human papillomaviruses or anogenital warts, avitaminosis, pregnancy, young age, endometriosis, smoking, alcohol and others. It should be noted that a viral infection can develop even in an organism with a good immune system.

Infection with the virus can be with direct contact (most often sexually). Getting on the epithelium, which is broken integrity, papillomavirus infection promotes the growth of the lower layer of epithelial cells in the form of genital warts or warts. Such proliferation is contagious and quickly transmitted to others. As a rule, they do not cause metastases and often spontaneously disappear.

Human papillomavirus. Symptoms

The incubation period of this infection lasts from a month to nine and on average is three months. In the initial period of development and formation, symptoms are often absent, and only when they begin to actively manifest themselves, patients turn to doctors for help.

The human papilloma virus, the symptoms of which do not immediately cause a person to become alert, causes maceration, as well as the expression of the skin and genital warts, resulting in burning and itching. Large condylomas make it difficult to move a person.

Diagnostics

For the diagnosis use the following methods:

• Molecular genetic methods;
• Cytological method;
• Colposcopy;
• Histological examination of biopsy specimens;
• The definition of antibodies to papillomavirus infection.

DNA methods are also used in laboratory diagnostics with three categories of methods:

• Signal amplification;
• Unamplifiable;
• Amplifying.

How to cure human papillomavirus

To date, there are no methods of systemic exposure to this virus, due to which it would be possible to destroy it completely.

The main methods of treatment are:

• Cytotoxic drugs;
• Destructive methods;
• Combined methods.

It should be remembered that the operation is not a cardinal solution to the cosmetic problem, since after removal the virus is able to stay in the surrounding tissues and condylomas can appear again.

Prevention

Timely detection and complete removal reduces the risk of disease. The use of condoms to protect the transmission of this infection has not been proven, but it can significantly reduce the risk of developing this disease. The most promising way to prevent and treat the initial stages of the disease caused by this infection is a specific polyvalent vaccine.