How to grow a good crop of tomatoes in a greenhouse, in the open ground?

Every spring inveterate villagers are overwhelmed with a lot of hassle. How to grow a good harvest of tomatoes, cucumbers and other greens? How to protect from pests? What do you need to know in order to please the family with the fruits of your own labors?

Today let's talk about all your favorite tomatoes. How to grow a good harvest of tomatoes, what you need to know for this, what are the subtleties in this business?

Cooking Seeds

The guarantee of a good harvest is quality seeds. Unfortunately, they can outwardly look healthy, but the result of sowing will upset the poor germination or seedling diseases. Why is it so? There are several reasons: the seeds are too old, infected with a virus, bacteria or fungus, are improperly prepared before sowing. How to grow a good harvest of tomatoes with these? Practically no way.

Buy seeds from serious manufacturers. Before selling those are usually treated with special substances against the fungus, which is indicated on the package. Of course, such seeds are more expensive, but if you do not want to spend too much, you can disinfect before planting yourself.

Doubt about the expiration date? In order not to guess whether they will ascend, in 2-3 weeks arrange a "preliminary material" for the preliminary material. Place a few seeds in a canvas sack in warm water for a period of about 24 hours. Then put in the same wet cloth in heat for 3 or 4 days. Then plant the seeds in the prepared soil and watch the shoots.

Seed treatment

How to grow a good crop of tomatoes, if the source material does not quite satisfy you? Before processing the seeds carefully examine them, remove hollow, too small or large. Disinfect the inoculum with a solution of potassium permanganate (1%). How to cook it? Very simply: throw a gram of potassium permanganate into a liter of water. Wrap the seeds in a piece of gauze and put them for twenty minutes into the resulting solution (just do not overdo it), then rinse and dry.

Before sowing, you can additionally process seeds with microelements, a mixture of which is purchased in the store, and ordinary ashes (a teaspoon of wood ash dissolved in a glass of water, insist the day) will do. Seeds are kept in solution for about five hours.

To accelerate the germination, you can soak them before sowing. The seeds swell in about 18 hours. To do this, the best option is to lay them on a damp cloth or foam, put a damp cloth on top. If necessary, wet it again.

Growing sprouts

How to grow a good tomato crop is the easiest? There are two ways. After swelling, the seeds are either planted directly in the soil or germinated. In the latter case, shoots will appear much faster. You can buy seedlings already finished, but it is not difficult to grow it yourself.

Cultivation should begin in a timely manner - taking into account the tomato variety and the climate in your locality. The future harvest depends to a large extent on this. The more south you live, the earlier you can begin the procedure for planting.

Initially, the tomato seeds are sown in special containers or boxes, then dived - planted on individual pots. This prevents excessive stretching of the sprouts and improves their root system.

Features of care

It is best to take plastic containers - they are easy to wash, transport and disinfect.

Want to know how to grow a good tomato crop? Prepare to scrupulously observe some rules of care.

Different varieties should be planted in separate containers. Each of them should have opaque walls, a drainage hole and a leakproof pallet. The soil should be taken loose and fertile, you can buy an already prepared mixture in the store. The substrate is leveled in containers, lightly primed and moistened abundantly.

You can plant both dry and germinated seeds. They should be spread over the soil (you can pre-cut the grooves) in rows in two centimeters. Between the "striped" seeds the distance is best kept from three to four centimeters. For convenience, you can take tweezers.

Top thinly sprinkled seeds with a substrate, compacted or penciled lightly into the soil and sprinkled with earth. Soil is moistened by spraying.

Other subtleties

Boxes placed in heat (not lower than 22 ° C), the names of varieties are better marked on the labels. Avoid hot batteries - the ground will overheat and dry, and the seeds will die. You can cover the crop with polyethylene film - create a mini-boy. Then the moisture will not evaporate. But shoots need to be ventilated from time to time.

So that the seedlings do not grow crookedly, the box is regularly rotated with respect to light. Before germination of seeds the soil should be warm - not below 25 ° С. Look for sprouts in a week or a day earlier. If the room is cold, this period increases.

There were shoots - we move the box to a cool and well-lit place. We stay there about a week. Then again, return to heat until the appearance of the first couple of leaves.

Before pickling, tomato seedlings are practically not watered, so as not to overgrow. The soil is protected from drying, moistened with a sprayer.

Diving sprouts

Do I need a mandatory pick? Previously, such doubts did not arise. But now many gardeners do without it. The main thing is to decide on this issue in advance: technology and planting and care depend on this. But still consider the process of picking: how and when to deal with it.

Dive the seedlings when they get the first pair of leaves. Fill the soil with suitable containers (for example, paper or plastic cups). In advance, for a couple of days, pour out the seedlings. Extract sprouts from the ground with a diving peg (you can take a toothpick). In this case, carefully hold each plant for the ground near the root. You can pinch this very root a third, but it is not necessary.

Secrets of the Picks

Each seedling is transplanted into its own container, spread with a toothpick and press down the roots, fill the hole, pour it abundantly and send it to a cool, damp place. Again on the window sill you will return, when each seedling takes root. If necessary, the picking can be repeated - as you grow, change the cups to more voluminous ones.

Seedlings in the process of cultivation are usually fed 2 or 3 times with a ready-made nutrient mixture or self-made fertilizer. Shortly before planting in the soil, plants must be tempered - open the window or take out every day for a couple of hours on the balcony. On warm days, you can leave on the loggia all day, covering the night with a film. By the way, some enthusiasts manage to achieve good results without a garden plot. How to grow a good tomato crop on the balcony, and is it possible in principle? We answer: this is quite realistic, there would be a desire. There are many methods of how to grow a good crop of tomatoes on a loggia or balcony. But in this article, we still consider the "garden" option, so let's return to our seedlings.

We are planted in the ground

To this stage we pass, when the plants acquire developed leaves in the number of 8-11 pieces and a pair of formed inflorescences. At the time of planting, the growth of the seedling should be approximately 30 cm (plus or minus 5 cm).

Many summer residents know how to grow a good harvest of tomatoes without a greenhouse, and are fine without it. But we still consider the "greenhouse" option. After all, to build the simplest greenhouse for the safe and efficient cultivation of tomatoes is almost everyone's power.

So, if you plan to plant plants in the greenhouse at first, it must be prepared in advance: cover with foil, equip the windows and organize the soil. The best time for this is the end of April or the beginning of May. In these months, at night, the air is still cool, so tighten your hotbed with a couple of layers of film with a gap of two centimeters. One layer is subsequently removed.

How to grow a good tomato crop in a polycarbonate greenhouse

It is undesirable to grow tomatoes with cucumbers - they require different care. If the greenhouse is only one, it is divided in half by a film. Tomatoes need good ventilation, so that the windows will need both sides and top. In addition, they love light, which means that any shading should be avoided.

If the soil in the greenhouse is clayey, peat, humus or sawdust is added to it (per bucket per square meter). Sand, sawdust or earth with turf is poured into the soil from peat. You can additionally fertilize the soil with fertilizers.

In the finished greenhouse, the beds are planted and the seedlings are planted. Schemes for this there are many, it all depends on the height of plants and their variety. It is necessary to take into account the size of the greenhouse, the presence of supports for the garter, the illumination and the possibility of watering.

What's next?

How to grow a good harvest of tomatoes in a greenhouse, what conditions must be met in the first place? Tomatoes are very demanding to the light and do not like too wet environment. When watering them, observe moderation, often ventilate your hotbed, otherwise the flowers and ovaries will fall off.

Soon after planting (days in ten to twelve), tomatoes are tied to piles or tensioned wires next to each other. It is better to take a polyethylene twine for this. It is customary to form a single stem in tomatoes, removing superfluous stepchildren. In the greenhouse, tomatoes are pollinated, slightly shaking their brushes, and also spend several radical fertilizing.

How to grow a good crop of tomatoes in the open ground

At the time of landing, the air must warm to a minimum of 12 ° C, and plants - to reach a height of at least 20 cm and "grow" about eight full leaves. The exception is when the seedling has overgrown.

We choose for sunset a sunny place with wind protection (on the south side). Low wet areas with close groundwater are not suitable. The soil requires a weakly acidic or neutral reaction, a good option is a loam with fertilizers.

The best way to start is on an overcast day. If it's sunny - wait for the evening, for a night the plants will get stronger and adapt to the day's heat. The landing scheme is selected based on the height and variety of tomatoes and the existing irrigation system. Plant the seedlings in such a way that the plants do not interfere with each other. Each fruit should get maximum sun rays and air.

How to plant

Before planting in the soil, the seedlings are watered generously, so that it is easier to remove it from the pots and not damage the roots. The wells are arranged "on bayonet" in depth. Immediately prior to disembarkation, they are filled with water until absorbed.

In the prepared wells, carefully puncture the seedlings: strictly vertically with the earthen lump. The root is sprinkled with soil and a bit of compost is added. From above - again a ground which is rammed and watered.

It is best to immediately dig in pegs 50 to 80 cm high near each seedling - for a future garter. You can pull the wire to a height of about a meter. Twine for a garter is better to take a synthetic, to avoid decay.

Further Care

Immediately after the planting, the bed is covered with a polyethylene film. When the tomatoes take root, it is removed (provided the weather is warm). Watering the seedlings is not recommended until it gets accustomed. Usually it's eight to ten days.

Water tomatoes under the root, and the leaves should be protected from water, otherwise the plants will fall ill. It is undesirable to use the method of sprinkling, since it cools the soil and leads to a delay in maturation. The best watches for watering are the afternoon.

With the onset of fruit growth, the need for watering in a tomato increases dramatically, it should be done regularly and more often. The moisture content of the soil is undesirable. "Drinking" each bush, do not forget to loosen the soil around him and destroy the weeds. It is undesirable to allow earth compaction.

Form and hills

The question of whether to grow tomatoes or not, is of interest to many truck farmers. Disputes over how to grow a good harvest of tomatoes in the country, never cease. Some gardeners consider this procedure unnecessary. But hilling has a number of advantages. It enriches the soil with oxygen, strengthens the root system of plants, improves their nutrition.

To increase and accelerate the maturation of tomatoes form - pasynkuyut and pinch. After that, only a few fruit brushes remain on the bush (usually 5-6). Stephens (so called side shoots) are removed from the stem, pinching over the uppermost of the brushes. You can form a bush in one, two or three stems, removing the lower shoots.

That's all the main secrets of how to grow a good tomato crop "on the street."

How to avoid diseases

Diseases are more likely to be affected by plants grown in closed ground. This is due to high humidity, temperature drop, condensation on the film. In order to prevent the greenhouse should be regularly released from debris and disinfected, before sowing, disinfect the seeds, diseased seedlings cull, monitor possible pests and ventilate the hotbed in time.

When growing tomatoes in the garden, you should ensure a good fertilizing, observe the time of planting different varieties, mulch the soil. After harvesting, the greenhouse should be disinfected with a special solution.

If tomatoes still fall ill with late blight, they are treated with copper chloride (solution). In the most severe cases, you will have to use pesticides.