Homemade boilers. Drawings of self-made boilers

Many owners often face the following problem: how qualitatively and safely it is possible to heat their dwelling, if no gas is supplied to it? The answer to this question can only be one: it is most appropriate to use a special installation in the form of a boiler that operates on wood according to the principle of pyrolysis combustion. You can buy such a device in a specialized building store, but its cost will be quite high. That is why it is necessary to consider in detail how to make a homemade pyrolysis boiler, and also pay attention to the features of its functioning.

What is pyrolysis burning?

As you know, it is not very convenient to heat a particular room with firewood, as this fuel burns up quickly without allocating the required amount of energy. However, if the oxygen content in the furnace is reduced, the material will be consumed much more slowly. This is the basis for the principle of pyrolysis combustion, thanks to which fuel is required significantly less, and efficiency is increased. The main products obtained in this case are coke, ash, and also combustible gas, which also generates a large amount of heat.

This means that when designing a self-made boiler of prolonged combustion, it is necessary to take into account the following points:

• Initially, wood burning with a limited supply of oxygen liberates combustible gas;
• Then the resulting mixture is burned, giving, in turn, heat.

Many self-made boilers work on this principle , but it is important to remember that the equipment must be adjusted so that during its operation the overall heat supply system of the home is not damaged.

Construction of the boiler on firewood

The furnace of such devices is divided into two parts. The first of these is called the boot camera. It is in this section of the boiler that the wood burns, undergoing pyrolysis. Accordingly, the air volume here is minimal. All the gases obtained in the course of the work come, in turn, into the second part, which is called the combustion chamber. Moreover, it is worth noting that the heat losses in this case are insignificant.

Making a self-made boiler on wood, it must be taken into account that the separation of the two above-mentioned chambers is carried out by means of a special grate. The air that gets inside the machine first completely passes through the fuel, which is typical only for pyrolysis devices.

The aerodynamic resistance of such devices is very high, so there is a need to install additional traction, which can function not only with a conventional fan, but also a special exhauster that is used specifically for these cases.

Technical features of the pyrolysis boiler

The high temperature, which affects the wood inside the mechanism, causes it to decompose, which leads to the formation of coal and combustible gas.

Self-made solid fuel boilers create a very significant amount of heat during operation. This is due to the fact that the temperature inside the combustion chamber can reach 1200 ° C, as a result of which the gas evolution proceeds very quickly. The combustion products of the resulting volatile mixture, having given up most of the energy, are subsequently discharged through the chimney installed on the apparatus.

Due to the large volume of the loading chamber, the temperature can be kept constant for a long period of time, which can not be said about standard radiators. So, a self-made firewood boiler can function without stopping for a whole day, at the same time it is enough to load wood into it only once. In addition, you can always adjust the power of the device at will.

It is possible to clean such equipment, but it is rare, since no soot in the process of work is formed, and ash is produced in minimal quantities.

We can not ignore the ecological compatibility of these devices, since the exhaust gases are nothing more than the connection of water vapor with carbon dioxide.

Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning some negative aspects of the pyrolysis boiler. So, from them it is customary to allocate the following:

• The equipment has quite large dimensions, which may not be very convenient in a small room;
• For high-quality work it is important to use only well-dried fuel, otherwise the heat output will be much less;
• Normal operation of the boiler is possible only under the condition of stable network connection, which is associated with the need to maintain a forced draft, the main mechanism of which is a built-in fan.

But, as it becomes clear, this equipment has more advantages than disadvantages, so its installation will become an unequivocally correct decision.

Optimal fuel for a wood-fired boiler

The best material for heating used in pyrolysis boilers is, of course, wood. And the ideal parameters for it are the following: length 400-450 mm, diameter 100-250 mm. It is not forbidden to burn wood chips along with logs, but it is important to remember that this fuel should not exceed 30% of the total volume of material loaded into the chamber.

As mentioned above, a self-made long-burning boiler will work with maximum return only on dry wood, that is, one whose moisture index is not more than 40%. In addition, such measures will not only increase the capacity of equipment, but also extend its service life.

Therefore, it is important to make sure beforehand that the fuel is well dried and does not contain a lot of moisture, otherwise the machine will be less efficient.

Drawings of long burning boilers

Any independent production of this or that equipment must necessarily be accompanied by consultations with various schemes of the device to be mounted. Thus, drawings of self-made pyrolysis type boilers can easily be found both in various construction organizations engaged in the assembly of such equipment, and on the Internet.

These plans usually show the location of the functional parts of the future device (firebox, chimney, heat exchanger, etc.). Often, they also bear the exact dimensions of the mounted structure, which, of course, facilitates the entire process of work. The main thing is to be able to understand the drawings and follow the instructions.

Do not forget that in case of improper assembly, the device can at best not earn, and at worst - become a threat to security, since any manipulation of fire, as is known, requires strict adherence to precautions. A poorly assembled structure can lead to unforeseen consequences, so all stages must be performed competently and carefully.

Materials for self-assembly of the boiler

In order to properly manufacture a homemade pyrolysis boiler, you should have the necessary materials and tools. Here is their list:

• electric drill;
• Several electrode packages;
• Apparatus for welding (better than direct current);
• Cutting wheel for 230 mm;
• Bulgarian;
• Circle for grinding by 125 mm;
• Sheet metal thickness of 4 mm;
• Refractory bricks;
• Pipes of different diameters;
• Several profile pipes 2 mm thick;
• fan;
• Temperature-sensing sensor;
• A number of steel strips with different thickness and width parameters.

In the case of such equipment, it is better to use 4 mm steel. However, self-made boilers can also be designed with the help of a material 3 mm thick, which is usually done for the purpose of economy.

The process of manufacturing a boiler for long-term combustion

The process of assembly begins with the cutting of four walls for a future device made of finished sheet steel. In this case, two holes are to be drilled in the front face with the help of a grinder, one of which is intended for the ash pan, and the other for the furnace.

The rear part of the boiler can not be touched, and the remaining three must be welded firmly together. The rough joints formed as a result of work should be carefully sanded with a Bulgarian.

Homemade solid fuel boilers have a heat exchanger in their construction, all the components of which must also be tightly welded, and the emerging growths are cleaned. Then you can start installing this device directly inside the oven.

To arrange the firebox, in contrast to the factory models, it is better to be on top, but not below. Using a grate, it must be separated from the gasification compartment located above. The combustion chamber must necessarily be clad with fire-resistant bricks, laying it on all sides.

Then you can mount the doors, it is important to ensure that they are as close as possible to the walls of the structure.

Having made a chimney, it is necessary to fix the sensor to determine the temperature, the main function of which is to control the combustion process and display the boiler operation power.

Further, it is required to cut the holes for all the pipes, fix the rear wall with a welding machine and process uneven angles. The assembly process is completed by checking the operation of the finished device. The absence of carbon monoxide, means that the equipment is fully usable.

It is according to this scheme that the simplest homemade boilers should be mounted, the principle of operation of which is based on pyrolysis.

Recommendations for assembling a boiler on firewood

In order to ensure that during the manufacturing process there are no serious difficulties and the equipment subsequently works reliably, it is recommended to pay attention to the following recommendations that can help with the installation:

• It is extremely important to equip the system with a limiter that allows controlling the air entering the combustion chamber. For its design, a pipe with a diameter of about 70 mm, with a slightly longer length than the body of the device, is suitable. To the bottom of the limiter, you need to weld a disk of steel, which should be about 40 cm from the walls of the base, and the boiler cover must be equipped with a special recess for its installation.
• Homemade heating boilers require the installation of a hole for loading firewood in the form of a rectangle. It needs to be closed with a door, which is equipped with a special steel cover, which provides a more tight grip on the hull.
• The heat transfer pipe must have a bend. This will help make the energy return more powerful.

Tips for operating a pyrolysis boiler

It is very important to ensure that the work of this equipment is conducted in a safe environment and does not create any threat to others. So, it is worth remembering that there are some rules governing the operation of such a mechanism. These include the following:

• Install self-made boilers only in non-residential construction;
• The device should not be near the walls and other objects in the room closer than 30 cm;
• For the safety of the device it will be more correct to install it on a concrete or brick foundation;
• It is extremely important to equip the room with the boiler with good ventilation so that the combustion products do not accumulate inside the room, but come out;
• To protect the chimney of the device from condensation it is recommended to insulate it with mineral wool.

Compliance with these simple rules will allow not only to achieve maximum efficiency of the boiler, but also to extend its operational life to a considerable extent and eliminate the need for any repair work.