History of the city of Omsk: date of foundation, geographical location, coat of arms, streets

Omsk is the eighth largest city in our country. It is a major transportation hub through which the shipping routes along the Irtysh River and Transsib pass. Of great interest is the history of the city of Omsk, especially since the first traces of a person's stay on his territory date back to the 6th millennium BC.

Geographical position

Omsk is located in the southern part of the West Siberian Plain, at the confluence of the Om River in Irtysh. The distance to Moscow in a straight line is 2242 km, and to the border with Kazakhstan - about 150 km. The city is in the 4th hour zone and occupies an area of 572 square meters. Km.

Name

Experts still argue over whether the word "Omsk" is an abbreviation. The history of the name of the city is rather vague. There is a version that it consists of the first letters of the words in the phrase "A distant place of exile of convicts". However, most researchers see a connection with the name of the river Om. In favor of the second version speaks the fact that this toponym appeared long before Omsk had jails for convicts.

Prehistory of the emergence of Omsk

As already mentioned, the first people settled in these places in the Stone Age. This is evidenced by many artifacts found during archaeological excavations on the territory of Omsk parking. They were replaced by representatives of another more developed culture in the Neolithic Age, who owned pottery, and later tribal melting tribes settled there, the so-called Andronovs. Their cemeteries were discovered on the site, where once the Omsk fortress was located, and on the territory of the modern Museum Street. Then, 12 km from the Omi mouth, the Irmenians founded an ancient settlement, which existed from about 10th to 8th centuries BC. E. The next inhabitants of these places were the Kulays, and later they were replaced by the Huns, who moved from Transbaikalia.

Foundation of the Omsk fortress

At the end of the 16th century, the Oirat local population, with whom Russia had diplomatic relations, asked to establish a city on Omi to protect against the raids of the Khotoigot khanate. However, in the 1620s-1630s the situation changed. In particular, the Oiraves, who were part of the Dzungar Khanate, themselves began to worry residents of the Tarski Uyezd. This was the reason that the local voivode in 1627 sent messengers to the capital with a request to found a prison in the mouth of Omi. Although everyone understood the need for such a step, the circumstances for a long time prevented its implementation. Under Peter the Great, under the leadership of Colonel Ivan Buchholz, an expedition was equipped, which built a fortress on Lake Yamyshiv. Its appearance was hostile to the Dzhungars, who besieged the Russian fort, and after the members of the expedition left it, they were destroyed to the ground. Nevertheless, Ivan Buchholz did not give up and, having gone to the mouth of Omi, he founded a new fortress there. Scientists believe that this event occurred May 4-5, 1716 in the old style, which means that the date of the founding of Omsk - May 16. Despite this, for several decades the City Day is celebrated on the first Sunday of August.

18 century

The main event of this period was the construction of a stone fortress in the 50's. Initially, this structure was conceived as the most significant fortification strengthening in the east of the Russian Empire. Because of frequent fires, the city around it has been repeatedly rebuilt, often unsystematically. In 1785, the Empress Catherine II decree approved the coat of arms of the city of Omsk, which, with some changes, is used today.

19th century

The history of the city of Omsk from the very beginning is closely connected with exiles and convicts. In particular, the Decembrists N. Basargin, N. Chizhov, V. Shteingel and many others were in exile there.

In the 19th century Omsk became the administrative center of the first West Siberian governor-general, and afterwards - Stepnogo. In the years 1850-1854. The local prison was imprisoned by the great Russian writer FM Dostoyevsky. He left invaluable evidence of life in the city at that time in his history, which can be found on the pages of the book "Notes from a dead house."

In the years 1894-1895. Transsib passed through the city. This event had a huge impact on the development of Omsk. He turned it into a major transport hub in the south of Siberia, and trade and industry began to develop there.

Early 20th century

The appearance of industrial enterprises and large railway depots led to the formation of revolutionary circles. In 1905, the Omsk took part in mass rallies supporting the capital's proletariat.

At the end of 1914 the construction of the Railway Administration began in the city by the forces of Hungarian prisoners of war, and a few months later the Omsk water pipeline was opened.

The revolutionary events in Petrograd quickly found a response from the workers of the city. Immediately, new authorities and the Red Guard were formed. At the same time, attempts were made in the city to rebel, during which the streets of Omsk became places of fighting. One of the most difficult periods in the history of the city was the second half of 1918. Already in the middle of the summer Omsk was abandoned by the Bolsheviks, and the so-called Provisional Government, in which AV Kolchak entered, was established there. Thus, during the Civil War, the city was the capital of White Russia.

During the Soviet period

In 1921 an event occurred that did not reflect the development of the city better : the functions of the administrative center of Siberia were transferred to Novonikolayevsk, which later was renamed to Novosibirsk. The situation changed only after the war. In 1947, Omsk was assigned to an administrative and economic independent center with its own special budget and was categorized as a city of republican subordination. The transformation of the city into a large industrial megapolis was also facilitated by the fact that during the years of the Great Patriotic War, many industrial giants from the European part of the country were evacuated there. As a result, a synthetic rubber plant and a refinery were founded. Over time, the boundaries of the city gradually expanded, new streets of Omsk appeared: Herzen of Bogdan, Khmelnitsky, and others, and also such areas as the town of Neftyanikov.

History of Omsk: 21st century

The beginning of the new millennium was marked by economic difficulties, the roots of which were in the so-called dashing nineties. However, the city has successfully overcome most of them and today shows a positive dynamics of development in many areas.

In 2002, the modern coat of arms of the city of Omsk was approved. As it was already said, it reminds of Catherine, but the old coat of arms is complemented with framing in the form of golden oak branches, which are connected by alexander's ribbon.

Now you know the history of the city of Omsk. Be sure to visit it and get acquainted with the numerous sights, among which there are also objects under the protection of UNESCO.