Geographical location, population and climate of the Rostov region

The territory of the Rostov region is an integral part of the Russian Federation. This region has its weather and climatic features, demographic indicators, infrastructure, cultural traditions. Studying the nuances of the development of this subject of the Federation can contribute to the introduction of measures to improve the standard of living of the inhabitants inhabiting it. Let's determine the geographical position, learn the dynamics of demography, as well as weather and climate in the Rostov region.

Geographical location

The Rostov Region is located in the southwestern part of the Russian Federation. The area of its territory is 100.9 square meters. Km., Which is the thirty-third index among all regions of the country. In the north, the Rostov region has a border with the Voronezh region, in the east - from the Volgograd, in the south - with the Stavropol and Krasnodar Krai. In the west, the state border with Ukraine passes, and the southwestern territories of the Rostov region is washed by the warm Azov Sea (Taganrog Bay).

Flat-hilly terrain in this region has land. The Rostov region carries the flow of the largest river in the region - the Don, which extends over 1,8 thousand km. It is located Tsimlyansk reservoir. The rest of the rivers of the Rostov region in their majority are its tributaries, among which one should highlight Manych and Seversky Donets. Lakes constitute an insignificant fraction of the total area of the region.

The administrative center of this subject of the federation is Rostov-on-Don, which is also the main city of the Southern Federal District.

Climatic conditions

Now let's find out what the climate of the Rostov region is. The region is located in a temperate climatic zone with a temperate continental type of climate. This means favorable conditions for vegetation of many types of plants, because the summer is characterized by fairly warm, sometimes hot weather characteristics, and in winter the weather in the Rostov region is moderately cold, and in the coastal part - mild. Of course, this greatly contributes to the development of crop production in the region. The climate of the Rostov region is also characterized by winds, both dominant in winter and in summer.

Most of the precipitation on the coast. Here the average annual number exceeds 500 mm. But not all such Rostov region. The climatic zone, remaining moderately continental, to the southeast acquires more arid features. Here the total amount of precipitation per year is less than 350 mm. Also in the southeast, the average temperature increases in the summer, and frosts intensify in winter. This suggests that in this region of the Rostov region, the continental features are more strongly manifested than in other parts of it. As you can see, the climate of the Rostov region, despite the territorial proximity of its various regions, can not be called completely homogeneous.

The average temperature of the coldest month of January is from -5 to -9 degrees. Although, the minimum can exceed and 20 degrees below zero. But what temperature fluctuations does the Rostov region have in the summer? The time of the highest temperature refers to July-month. Here the average fluctuations range from 22 to 24 degrees Celsius. But at the peak temperature can reach 30 and even 40 degrees of heat.

In general, the weather in the Rostov region fully corresponds to the moderately continental type of climate of the steppe natural zone in which this region is located.

Timezone

In what time zone is the Rostov Region? The time of this region completely coincides with Moscow.

Thus, the time zone of the Rostov region corresponds to the UTC + 3 encoding. Daylight saving time, as in other regions of Russia, is not performed.

Natural resources

The natural resources of the Rostov region are distinguished by a wide variety of mineral names.

The largest in the wealth of the Rostov region is coal. Here lies the eastern part of one of the largest in the world Donetsk Coal Basin. Despite the fact that the coal of this pool is very high quality and takes the first place in the world in terms of caloric content, it should be noted that the production of this fuel material in the region is practically frozen due to its low profitability. In order to generate revenue, the mines must be refurbished in accordance with modern standards. Many of them are in emergency condition, require major repairs and modernization, for which there is no available funds. Currently in the Rostov region only a few mines are active.

Among other fuel minerals, gas deposits should be identified. His proven reserves in the region exceed 56,000 million cubic meters. Nevertheless, gas production has not yet been carried out.

Large deposits of iron ore are located on the territory of the Rostov Region. Among non-metallic minerals, salt, fluxing limestones and other minerals used as building materials should be isolated.

To natural resources can also be attributed forest plantations, which occupy almost 3% of the region. Even more important are the fertile black soils that yield generous yields. They constitute the real wealth of the Rostov region.

Population

The population of the Rostov region today is 4236 thousand people. This is the sixth indicator among all subjects of the federation.

The population density is about 42 people per square kilometer. Km.

Dynamics of changes in the number of residents of the Rostov Region

Now let's find out how the population of the Rostov region has changed numerically over the past several decades.

Until 1990, there was a steady increase in the population. In 1989, the population of the region exceeded 4,308,700 inhabitants. The following year, there was a drop to the figure of 4308.0 thousand inhabitants, but already in 1991 the growth resumed. This went on until 1998.

In 1997, the population of the Rostov region reached its historic maximum, and amounted to 4,495,500 inhabitants. But then the number of residents living in the region began to fall, which continues to this day. For the entire period, only in 2010 there was a short-term growth of the population.

The population today (4236 thousand people) roughly corresponds to the indicator of the mid-1980s.

National composition

Now let's define that in the ethnic context is the population of the Rostov region.

The overwhelming majority of the region's inhabitants are Russians. At the moment they make up 90.3% of the total population. In the last hundred years, their share in the total number of residents has never been less than 89% and did not exceed 92%.

Among Russians, it is necessary to distinguish the sub-ethnic community of the Don Cossacks, whose number currently stands at 0.7% of the total population, although in 2002 it was about 2%.

Among the national minorities, the Armenians are the most numerous in the region. Their percentage of the total population of the Rostov region is 2.6%. Then followed by Ukrainians with an indicator of 1.9% and the Turks - 0.9%.

The number of other ethnic groups in the region is very small, and does not even reach 0.5% of the total number of inhabitants. Among the representatives of these minorities, it is necessary to single out Azerbaijanis, Belarusians, Gypsies, Tatars, Chechens. In the region there is even such an exotic nationality as the Koreans. Their total number is 11.6 thousand people, which is 0.3% of the total number of people living in the region.

Religious composition

The dominant religion in the Rostov region is Orthodox Christianity. The Moscow Patriarchate in the region has 253 parishes.

Other Christian currents, mainly Protestant, are also quite common: Pentecostals (43 organizations), Seventh Day Adventists (34 organizations), Jehovah's Witnesses (18 organizations).

Much less in the Rostov region of Islamic organizations. There are only 17 communities.

Among other religious movements that have official status, one should mention Catholicism and Judaism. There are Mormons and Molokans. Among the Armenians living in the Rostov region, the majority are parishioners of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

There are representatives of other faiths, as well as religious movements. But they are so small that they do not have the opportunity to conduct joint fees for the acquisition of official status.

Level of urbanization

The level of urbanization, that is, the ratio of the population living in the city and in the village, has a significant impact on the indicators and directions of the economy, as well as the way people live in the region.

In the Rostov region in the cities today about 68% of the population of the region live, and in the villages - 32%. Thus, we observe a clear quantitative predominance of urban residents over the inhabitants of villages.

Rostov-on-Don - the main city of the Rostov region

The largest city, and part-time and administrative center of the Rostov region, is Rostov-on-Don. The number of residents living in it exceeds 1.1 million people, which makes this city a millionaire. Today it is the tenth indicator among Russian cities.

The foundation of Rostov belongs to 1749. It was then that it was laid by the order of Empress Elizabeth. Since then, this settlement has grown and developed. In 1920, it became the administrative center of the Don region, later transformed into the Rostov region. In the late 80-ies of the XX century, the population of Rostov-on-Don exceeded 1 million people.

By this time the industry was quite developed in the city, and numerous cultural institutions were founded.

Other settlements

But among the cities of the region not only Rostov is famous. The Rostov region also has other beautiful cities. Of these, Taganrog (251,0 thousand people), Shakhty (236,7 thousand people), Novocherkassk (170,2 thousand people) should be singled out. The last of these was for some time the capital of the Don Army.

Among other significant but smaller cities are Bataisk, Azov, Novoshakhtinsk, Kamensk-Shakhtinsky, Salsk, Gukovo, Donetsk. The city of Azov has a rather interesting history, and is famous since the time of the Russo-Turkish wars. It was here that the famous "Azov seat" of the Cossacks took place, and it was this city that became the object of the Azov campaigns of Peter I.

Economy

Infrastructure of the region, as well as the level of urbanization determine its economic development and direction. This region has an industrial-agrarian economy.

The region is well developed machine building, metallurgy, food, mining. The whole world knows the agricultural machinery produced by the plant "Rostselmash". Among other large industrial organizations, the most important are the metallurgical plant and the automobile plant in Taganrog, the electric locomotive plant in Novocherkassk, the Atommash plant.

Agriculture is also quite developed in the region, especially as it finds quite strong support in the agro-industrial enterprises located in the Rostov region, which produce agricultural machinery. Crop production in the region is developed to a greater extent than livestock, which is facilitated by exceptionally fertile chernozems, as well as relatively favorable weather conditions. The most common crops are grains, as well as sunflower.

In general, the region's economy occupies only 39th place among all subjects of the Russian Federation. This is not too high, given the potential of the region. However, he improves the previous rating by 8 places, which already gives us hope that the economic development of the region is moving in the right direction.